درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aims to review and analyze the literature in the field of classroom management, given the growth and development of papers in this field in the global scientific community. The bibliometric technique was applied in the investigation, and every scientific publication from 2000 to 2023 is indexed in the Science Direct citation database. After screening the articles, 788 were analyzed, and the data was shown using the VOSviewer program. The historical growth pattern in scientific productions shows a minor decline in 2003, followed by a generally rising trend between 2004 and 2014. The highest number of articles was produced in 2014, with a peak in 2014. The most important keywords are teacher education, higher education, motivation, professional development, self-efficacy, and classroom management teachers. The most important categories in academic literature are education, teacher education, and higher education. The study's emphasis may need to change due to the system's connection to these areas.

In the literature of school leadership, two perspectives often conflict. The first is a rational perspective that focuses on the truth-seeking and truth-accepting nature of humans, while the second is a political perspective based on the premise that different groups within a school have varied interests and desires, which they pursue through power struggles. This research aimed to examine these two perspectives in schools to determine which can explain the mechanisms of the school. To achieve this goal, an explanatory mixed-methods strategy was employed. In the first phase of the research, quantitative data were collected to compare and measure the effectiveness of school principals in regular and gifted schools in Kashan. For this purpose, one exemplary school and eight public (regular) schools were selected using stratified sampling. The quantitative data collection tool was Parsons' standard questionnaire for school management effectiveness. The results of the quantitative phase indicated that the management of exemplary schools was more effective than that of public schools. In the second phase, a phenomenological strategy was used to explore whether public school principals accepted that these findings could be utilized in educational policy-making. In this section, eight public school principals were selected and interviewed. The results showed that none of the public school principals, contrary to the assumptions of the rational perspective, accepted these findings, and they employed various political strategies to defend their performance. These findings suggest that the political perspective can explain many realities of school management.

The purpose of this study was to predict cyber victimization based on personality traits, primary maladaptive schemas, and parenting styles among high school students. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 240 male and female students of the high school in the academic year of 2021-2022 were selected using available sampling method. To collect data, the Cyber-bullying/Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (CBVEQ, 2016), The Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C, 2017), The Schema Inventory for Children (SIC, 2010) and the Parenting Style Index-2 (PSI-II, 1997) were used online. The data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical techniques such as Pearson’s correlation test and multivariate regression analysis. The findings indicated that two factors of personality traits (emotional instability; β= 0.328 and extroversion; β= -0.253), early maladaptive schemas (β= 0.237) and parenting styles (demandingness; β= 0.318 and autonomy granting; β= -0.193) can predict cyber victimization in students. In addition, the findings related to the interaction effect of the predictor variables showed that the interaction between personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and parenting styles (R2= 0.551; P<0.01) is a stronger predictor for cyber victimization in students than each of these variables alone. The findings of this study revealed that emotional instability, maladaptive schemas, and demandingness parenting styles play a very significant role in predicting cyber victimization among high school students. The findings of the present study have some psycho-educational implications that have been discussed.

     In organizational interactions and communities, professional learning communities have gained more attention from managers due to their sustainable benefits for human resources and organizations, which contribute to growth and development. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on structural equations as a method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all primary school teachers in District Two of Urmia, totaling 1,236 individuals. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, resulting in a selection of 291 individuals. A cluster random sampling method was employed. Data were collected based on four questionnaires: Brown et al.'s (2005) Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Hu et al.'s (2015) Professional Learning Communities Questionnaire, Eisenberg et al.'s (2001) Normative Commitment Questionnaire, and Jangman et al.'s (2005) Teacher Decision-Making Participation Questionnaire, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.91, 0.91, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by experts and through SPSS analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 3 software. The results indicated that ethical leadership has a positive and significant impact on professional learning communities, and normative commitment plays a mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and professional learning communities. However, participation in decision-making does not play a moderating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and professional learning communities.

The current research aimed to investigate and identify the methods of solving the shortage of teachers and the provision and professional development of teachers. The research method used was descriptive and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included deputy heads of departments, principals and deputy heads of schools, and researchers in this field. Fourteen people were selected as a statistical sample by snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview method was used. Based on the research findings, five key codes, nine core codes, and 54 codes were identified. In the category of policies and interventions, respectively, revision of courses, removal of non-harmful subjects and titles by 13%; in the category of human resources, reduction of the number of support and administrative forces by 15%; in the category of community interaction and cooperation, upgrading the position of the teacher in society with 37.5% and in the category of recruitment strategies, hiring elite and efficient managers at all management levels with 23% and in the category of incentives and financial support for salary reform Teachers and coordinated payment system had the highest frequency with 20%. As a result, to solve the teacher shortage problem, attention should be paid to multidimensional solutions.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of synergistic leadership of school principals and systematic innovation of school organization in organizational entrepreneurship with the mediation of organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors. The research population was all the teachers of technical and vocational schools in Tehran province, and a sample of 364 teachers was selected from this population using proportional stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. The quantitative research method is correlation studies and covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. In order to collect data from the researcher-made Synergistic leadership questionnaire; the researcher-made Systematic innovation questionnaire; the Organizational ambidexterity questionnaire of Jansen (2006); the researcher-made Teachers' productive behaviors questionnaire; and the Organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire of Hughes & Morgan (2007) were used. The reliability and validity of questionnaires were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, correlation matrix analysis and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS 25 and LISREL 10.5 software. The results showed that: synergistic leadership and systematic innovation had a direct, positive and significant effect on organizational ambidexterity, teachers' productive behaviors and organizational entrepreneurship. synergistic leadership and systematic innovation had a positive and significant indirect effect on organizational entrepreneurship through organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors. The variables of synergistic leadership, systematic innovation, organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors were able to explain 0.37 of the variance of organizational entrepreneurship

Health and safety management improves the mental and emotional balance of teachers. Professional burnout is a major problem that many physical education teachers face. This feeling often leads to negative pedagogical results, which in turn leads to teacher fatigue. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between health and safety management and physical education teacher burnout, relying on the mediating role of resilience. This study is a descriptive survey. The research community consisted of physical education teachers of West Azarbaijan province in the academic year 2022-03, and 200 of them were selected according to the available sampling method. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method. SPSS 23 and SMART PLS 3 were used to investigate the research purpose and analyze the data. The results obtained show that the measurement and structural models are appropriate. The research results show that safety management has a negative and significant influence on physical education teachers' burnout, as well as resilience on burnout, but the research results show a positive influence of safety management on physical education teachers' resilience. The more the school administration focuses on health and safety aspects

The aim of the research was to investigate the role of resonant leadership on the quality of virtual school education mediated by the innovative work behavior of teachers. The study population consisted of all secondary school teachers in Hamedan province during the academic year 2021-2022 (N=1797). A sample of 316 teachers was chosen through proportional stratified random sampling, following Cochran's formula. This descriptive correlational research employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Data collection utilized Wagner's Resonant Leadership Questionnaire (2010), Janssen's Innovative Work Behavior Scale (2000), and a researcher-developed questionnaire on the quality of virtual education in schools. A significant finding of the study indicates that the indirect effect of resonant leadership on the quality of virtual education, mediated by innovative work behavior, surpasses its direct effect. Therefore, school leaders are advised to capitalize on teachers' innovative behaviors to enhance the quality of virtual education and cultivate an environment that values teachers' ideas and creativity more than strict adherence to rules and regulations.

This research aimed to design and evaluate the effectiveness model of educational organizations based on the social systems model in high schools of Shiraz city. This research employed a sequential exploratory mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) design and conducted as a case study in some high schools in Shiraz. The research, in the form of a thematic network, was designed as one overarching theme, 6 organizing themes, and 42 foundational themes. The organizing themes included components related to: teacher's human factors, student's human factors, parents' human factors and, structural, social, and educational-research components. Based on these, a proposed research model Introduced. In the instrument development phase, a researcher-made questionnaire on school effectiveness, derived from the qualitative findings, designed. The statistical population consisted of teachers and included students majoring in mathematics - physics, in Shiraz high schools. For evaluating the research model, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods employed. The fit indexes were indicators of the validity of the organizational effectiveness model with an approach toward the effectiveness of educational organizations. The findings of this research revealed that, in sequence, the human factors of the teacher are educational, the parents' human factors are structural and student's human factors are social research. Accordingly, it emphasizes the imperative attention of the relevant executives and officials towards implementing the research model.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of burnout of elementary school teachers in the cities of Tehran province. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research included elementary school teachers in Tehran province, 1147 of whom were selected as a statistical sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Meslach's standardized job burnout questionnaire was used, the content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and its reliability was estimated based on Cronbach's alpha method of 0.882. Analysis of research data was done in the form of t-test, one-way analysis of variance and t for two independent groups. The findings of the research indicate that the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personality damage of primary teachers in Tehran cities are at a low/down level in terms of frequency and intensity, and then the feeling of reduced success is at a high/up level in terms of frequency and intensity. In general, the job burnout of elementary teachers in the cities of Tehran province is at a low/down level in terms of frequency and intensity. Therefore, it is suggested to take necessary measures to create a happy and suitable environment for teachers' activities and improve their mental security, along with planning leisure time and advanced methods of dealing with job stressors.

Despite the importance of continuous professional development for schools principals, researches show that their professional development approaches need to be review and move towards programs based on collective learning. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to provide a model for professional learning communities of elementary school principals. The present study was conducted using the qualitative research method of grounded theory and interviews with a targeted sample, including 29 key informants (15 university professors and 14 school principals) with relevant research records. The interviews were analyzed using the coding methods of Strauss and Corbin (1998). Four criteria of data authenticity, transferability, reliability and verifiability were used to check the validity of the data. After conducting interviews and open, axial and selective coding; The research results showed 18 general selection codes including causal conditions (collective learning culture; feeling the need for collective learning; leadership and management styles), contextual conditions (dynamic and flexible organizational structure; infrastructures and facilities; empathy and common goals; Encouraging principals towards learning communities), intervening conditions (teaching soft skills; suitable time and place for meetings related to communities; management knowledge; correct plan and program), central phenomenon (professional learning communities), Strategies for developing professional learning communities (suitable work space; professional learning; the existence of a supportive policy for learning communities; modeling of the experiences of successful schools) and consequences (organizational consequences; student success; professional development of teachers) that reflected the pattern of professional learning communities of primary school principals and the relationships between its different dimensions.

This study aims to represent how a primary school principal evolved into an effective educational leadership, focusing on their personal and professional background along with the distinctive features of the school and local community. A qualitative approach and narrative inquiry method were used. Initially, in-depth and semi-structured interviews lasting 12 hours were conducted with the principal. Data analysis was performed using Lichman’s model (2013). To validate the narratives, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five teachers who had worked under the principal's management and were selected through purposive (criterion-based) sampling. Additionally, self-reflection notes were prepared during the research process. The principal's journey towards efficiency was divided into four episodes: the character formation period, facing discrimination, conflicts and grief, building professional identity, and role modeling. According to the data analysis results, themes of encountering discrimination, economic poverty, and the local community's perception of disadvantaged schools were continuously repeated in the principal's narratives. Based on the narratives, three strategies - managing interactions, continuous professional development, and vision setting - played a crucial role in the principal's evolution towards efficiency. According to the findings, it is recommended that principals of high-poverty schools address teachers' educational deficiencies in the form of suggestions and gradually increase delegation of authority and trust in their measures to ensure improved performance quality. In addition, the principal, by requiring teachers to daily note the challenges and issues faced by students and to identify major and common challenges, aimed to prioritize these challenges and take necessary actions.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the professional learning standards in Iranian secondary schools (case study: Kurdistan province). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes all schools in Kurdistan province, which consist of 101 schools. According to the Cochran formula, 12 schools were selected as the sample size through multi-stage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This 47-item questionnaire was designed by researchers to measure professional learning standards in schools in three main areas: conditions for the success of the professional learning program, processes of transforming the professional learning program, and comprehensive and accurate content. According to the research results, the subscale of equity and justice in the conditions for the success of the professional learning program is in a desirable state, while the collaborative culture is in the worst state. The drivers of educational equity are in the best desirable state, and the educational plans are in the worst state in the domain of the processes of transforming the professional learning program. Regarding the area of comprehensive and accurate content in schools, the curriculum, planning, and teaching are reported to be in the best desirable state, while the professional expertise of teachers is in the worst state. Finally, the results indicate that the average status of professional learning in schools is at a moderate level.

The study aimed to design a quality assurance evaluation model for a sample of Iranian secondary schools. Considering the nature of the research questions, the researchers chose a plan based on relativistic ontology and constructivist epistemology The participants included all educational specialists, principals and teachers of West Azerbaijan that among them; 23 experts were selected purposefully by snowball sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview protocol. Data analyzed through grounded theory three-steps coding process (open, axial and selective). The results revealed that quality evaluation model of secondary school education consists 248 open codes, 37 axial codes and finally 5 selective codes. Among axial codes 7 items belonged to causal factors, 7 categories are related to contexts and backgrounds, 12 categories are belonged to intervener factors, 6 categories are related to strategies, 6 categories are related to consequences and one category is considered as core phenomenon. Finding of the research reveal that education quality assurance evaluation is affected by facilities and equipment, objectives of secondary education, curriculum, teaching method, teaching-behavioral competence of teacher, organizational factors, educational content, needs and expectations of stakeholders and financial problems; it can lead to educational productivity and academic satisfaction

The purpose of this research was to investigate the ethical foundations of supervising teachers in the digital age. This research was developmental-applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-quantitative method. The field of the study was school principals in the field of monitoring virtual education, who were selected by the snowball method and at the limit of theoretical saturation. Also, the statistical population of the quantitative part included 120 principals schools in Sanandaj. They were selected randomly using Morgan's table. For measuring the proportionality of the model, the opinions of 30 educational management professors, educational ethics researchers, and educational science professors were obtained. The tool of the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, whose validity was confirmed by Guba and Lincoln's (2000) opinion method and reliability by agreement between coders. Based on the findings of the research, principals' supervision of teachers' virtual activities was subject to three main concepts of teachers' individual ethics, teacher's social ethics identifiers and spiritual-Islamic ethics identifiers in the form of 5 main categories and 29 components. According to the results, he presented a framework for supervising teachers in the form of 5 general concepts (individual ethics in the classroom, educational content of teachers, social ethics, monitoring relationships and identifiers of spiritual-Islamic ethics), which according to the experts' opinion, the proposed framework of this research is valid and It has a good fit.