رابطه فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت با خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف در زنان و مردان ورزشکار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین رابطه فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت با خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف در زنان و مردان ورزشکار بود.مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. از بین کلیه ورزشکاران استان فارس، 307 ورزشکار از 7 باشگاه ورزشی به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شدند و پرسش نامه های فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت، خودمختاری ورزشی و جهت گیری هدف بر روی آنان اجرا شد. آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد بین فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت با خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف همبستگی مثبت خطی معناداری وجود دارد. آزمون رگرسیون انحنایی نشان دهنده قابلیت پیش بینی انحنایی فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت از طریق خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف بهتر از رگرسیون خطی بود. یافته ها: نتایج آزمون رگرسیون چندمتغیره نشان داد که زنان و مردان به طور معناداری از الگوی رابطه پیش بین متفاوت فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت از طریق خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف ورزشی برخوردارند. مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر اثر جنسیت بر فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت با میانجی جهت گیری هدف ورزشکاران را تایید نمود و نشان داد خودمختاری نیز اثر مستقیمی بر فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت دارد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان دهنده قابلیت پیش بینی فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت از طریق خودمختاری و جهت گیری هدف ورزشی است و جنسیت با میانجی جهت گیری هدف می تواند بر فراشناخت و فراهیجان مثبت اثر گذارد که می تواند نظریه خودمختاری را از طرق ارائه پیشنهاد هایی توسعه دهد.Relationship between Positive Meta-Cognitions and Meta-Emotion with Self-Determination and Goal Orientation in Female and Male Athletes
Background and Purpose Self-determination, metacognition, and goal orientation are crucial strategies for enhancing sports performance and maintaining physical exercise adherence. These strategies provide a framework for interpreting events and responding to them through various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns. Variable-oriented studies assume that the relationship between self-determination and metacognition with goal orientation is consistent across all individuals. However, no research has been conducted to demonstrate whether Positive Meta-Cognitions & meta-emotion (PMCE) can be predicted by self-determination and goal orientation. Given the impact of regional culture on examining self-determination and extra-excitement (Yu et al., 2023) and the presence of contradictions, this study aimed to explore the relationship between Positive Meta-Cognitions & meta-emotion with self-determination and goal orientation in female and male athletes.Materials and MethodsThe current research is correlational and descriptive. A total of 307 male and female athletes from seven sports clubs in Fars province were selected through cluster sampling. Questionnaires on Positive Meta-Cognitions & meta-emotion (Beer, 2011), self-determination (Ryan & Connell, 1989), and sports goal orientation (Duda & Nicholls, 1992) were administered.ResultsPearson's correlation revealed a significant positive linear correlation between PMCE and self-determination and goal orientation. The curvature regression test indicated that predicting the curvature of positive metacognition through self-determination and goal orientation was more accurate than linear regression. Multivariate regression analysis showed gender differences in the predictive relationship patterns of PMCE through self-determination and goal orientation in female and male athletes. Structural equation modeling using path analysis confirmed the gender effect on PMCE with the mediation of athletes' goal orientation, and it demonstrated that self-determination also directly impacted PMCE.Conclusion This study highlighted those athletes who can set sports goals for themselves and maintain progress towards those goals by adopting a coherent pattern of beliefs tend to interpret obstacles as sources of information rather than problems. This approach reduces the risk of losing internal motivation due to lack of progress. The study also found no relationship between confidence in extinguishing thoughts & confidence in setting goals with Ego orientation. Additionally, it showed a moderate correlation between confidence in setting goals and external regulation, identified regulation, and internal regulation. The study revealed higher quadratic relationships between PMCE with self-determination and goal orientation, indicating different patterns in adult male and female athletes. It emphasized that gender influences various aspects of setting exercise goals, tracking progress, and perceiving rewards, leading individuals to adopt different positioning strategies.Furthermore, the study noted that female athletes benefit more from goal orientation, especially task orientation, and self-determination compared to men. Young male athletes tend to use more positive meta-cognitive and meta-emotional strategies than female athletes. The study suggested that the relationship between goal orientation, self-determination, and PMCE differs between men and women. However, PMCEs can be predicted by self-determination and goal orientation. Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed the gender effect on PMCEs with the mediation of sports goal orientation. While gender does not affect self-determination, self-determination does influence PMCEs. The study emphasized the importance of task-orientation climate and self-determination in enhancing PMCEs, showcasing a combination of linear and quadratic relations between PMCEs, self-determination, and goal orientation in male and female athletes. Continued investigation and utilization of these structures in physical activities may not only enhance performance and reduce exercise dropout but also contribute to overall health. The study's findings could inform mental health interventions for athletes, focusing on training mental and emotional health meta-skills. Future research could explore these constructs and other psychological factors to identify sports talent and manage sports activities effectively. Overall, the study underscored the significance of task-orientation climate and self-determination in improving PMCEs, highlighting the diverse patterns in male and female athletes.FundingThis study has not received any financial support from funding organizations in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.Authors' contributionsThe authors have equally contributed to all the study sections. Conflicts of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all sports clubs, sports officials, coaches, and athletes who participated in the data collection.
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