Technostress

Feeling anxiety and technostress can have harmful effects on EFL learners' language learning. On the other hand, having high academic enjoyment (AE) can generate positive impacts on English language learning. Concerning the psychological variables' role in English language learning, this investigation inspected the effects of digital literacy (DL) on technostress, foreign language anxiety (FLA), AE, and language achievement. To meet this objective, 70 intermediate subjects were selected and divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). Next, the pre-tests of technostress, FLA, AE, and language learning achievement were administered to both groups. After that, the EG was taught the coursebook using technology. DL was also focused on it, and the students were trained to apply technology when learning new English materials. On the other hand, the same lessons were taught to the CG applying a traditional method. After teaching all classes, the mentioned scales were administered as the posttests of the study. The results of the One-way ANCOVA test indicated that the EG outdid the CG in the four posttests, implying that using DL reduced the anxiety and technostress of the EG but increased their AE. The ramifications of this investigation can inspire both EFL learners and educators to apply digital tools and technology in English learning and teaching.

With the increasing popularity of virtual education following the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of technology in education, new opportunities and challenges have entered the realm of education. So it is necessary to pay attention to the preparation of schools for this type of learning as well as the self-efficacy of teachers in using information and Communication technology (ICT) skills and the stress they experience in using technology in their jobs. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Computer Self-Efficacy and E-Learning Readiness Mediated with Technostress in Teacher Professional Competence. This study was applied in terms of goal and fell under descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all teachers of Tehran’s District 15 working at high school levels from 2021 to 2022 (675 people), as 194 people were selected through convenience sampling. In order to collect data from Technostress and Computer Self-Efficacy questionnaire (Dong et al., 2020); E-learning Readiness questionnaire (Keramati et al., 2011); and Teacher Professional Competence questionnaire (Motahhari-Nezhad & Jahangard, 2016) were used. After calculating the scales’ reliability, data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL Software. The results showed that: computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had a direct, positive and significant effect on teacher professional competence. computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had  a positive and significant indirect effect on teacher professional competence through technostress. Also technostress had a direct, negative and significant effect on teacher professional competence.