Social integration

This study on Indians in the Baharestan neighbourhood of Tehran investigates the nature of their social integration, and the factors which affect it. By considering integration as a two-way process, this research aims to contribute to the literature on integration, through the discovery of the status of foreign immigrants in a developing country with particular cultural, social, and religious regulations and norms. Based on semi-structured interviews with Iranian and Indian residents in the Baharestan neighbourhood, the study shows that these two groups live in Baharestan without tension. Using the theory of integration proposed by Bakker et al. (2014) as a “two-way” process, we argue in this study that the approaches taken by the two groups of Iranian and Indian residents have largely led to their social integration. The Indian minorities have preserved their own culture and adopted part of the host culture in order to respect the host community; likewise, the host community has accepted immigrant groups with an understanding of cultural differences, and this mutual respect has led to neighbourhood harmony. However, despite the willingness of both groups to expand their social interaction, this is difficult due to restrictions imposed on minorities, and insufficient public space.

This study aims to explore the experiences and benefits of inclusive sports programs for students with disabilities, focusing on their physical, social, emotional, and educational development. The objective is to understand how these programs impact participants and identify key themes that illustrate their benefits and challenges. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gather data from a diverse group of participants. The sample included 29 individuals: 15 students with disabilities, 6 teachers and coaches, and 8 parents of students with disabilities. Interviews were conducted in person or via video conferencing, recorded, and transcribed for thematic analysis. The data were coded and analyzed to identify recurring themes and patterns, with theoretical saturation guiding the final sample size. The analysis revealed four main themes: physical benefits, social benefits, emotional and psychological benefits, and educational and developmental benefits. Participants reported significant improvements in physical fitness, skill development, and health. Social benefits included enhanced social integration, communication skills, and a sense of belonging. Emotional and psychological benefits encompassed increased emotional well-being, psychological resilience, and reduced anxiety. Educational benefits included better academic performance, life skills, and career skills development. These findings align with previous studies highlighting the multifaceted benefits of inclusive sports programs. Inclusive sports programs significantly enhance the physical, social, emotional, and educational well-being of students with disabilities. The study underscores the importance of designing inclusive programs that accommodate diverse needs, providing adequate training for educators and coaches, and fostering a supportive environment. Future research should aim to include larger and more diverse samples, incorporate quantitative measures, and explore the long-term impacts of these programs to further refine and maximize their benefits.