Architecture

The influence of Iranian architectural art on Indian architecture is a category that is as old as the cultural-civilization relations between Iran and India, and according to historical evidence, its history goes back to the third century BC, when we witnessed that in the capital of the Mauryan empire, Patliputra, There were influences of Iranian architecture.This flow after the emergence of Islam in the 7th century AH / 13 AD. And especially after the formation of Islamic states in India, it became more intense. The art of Iranian-Islamic architecture with its unique characteristics was used in the construction of large mosques in India, and while combining with Indian architecture, it benefited from Indian materials that were suitable for the climate there. In this regard, Indian architecture benefited from the accuracy and subtleties of Iranian architecture, and from the combination of those two new and independent styles emerged in the art of architecture, which became known as the Indo-Iranian style. Before the Gurkanians came to power, the Indian aspect of this style was more obvious, but in the Gurkanian era, its Iranian aspect prevailed. This style in the construction of the tombs of Gorkani sultans was widely inspired by the garden tradition of the Safavid era.

Deccan is a fertile plateau in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent, spanning an area of approximately three hundred square kilometers. In Sanskrit, Deccan means "south," and the Bahmani rulers established the first independent Muslim government in the Deccan region, reigning from 1347 to 1528. This research aims to answer the crucial question of how Iranian-Deccani architecture evolved during the Bahmani era and which structures prominently reflect this architectural style, using a historical research method grounded in a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the research indicate that the Bahmani's tolerance and affinity for the Shia sect, along with their support for Shia migrants who had immigrated to Deccan from Iran and Arab lands, led to the widespread influence of Shia beliefs and the prevalence of Iranian-Islamic culture and civilization in Deccan. During this period, numerous Iranian architects and artisans migrated to India, contributing to the creation of many buildings characteristic of the Bahmani era. As a result, many mosques and structures from the Bahmani era in Deccan bear the influence of the Timurid architectural style of Iran. This phenomenon facilitated the penetration of Iranian architectural style and the flourishing of Iranian-Islamic culture in India, particularly during the Bahmani period.

Optimization is a prevalent topic in today's scientific forums, and the field of architecture is no exception. Optimization in architecture aims to optimize available resources and reduce construction costs. What makes it necessary to address this issue in the current situation is the widespread use of inefficient patterns in the design, implementation, or operation of modern buildings, which leads to waste resources. The present study examines architectural samples in Isfahan, referring to the Iranian-Islamic concept of "Ghana'at," which conveys the concept of "satisfaction with less." By extracting instances of contentment in the use of space, the research aims to define effective strategies for optimization in the architectural process. So, this research has been conducted in three steps: Brainstorming sessions to identify instances of optimization in architectural samples, categorization of similar topics to explain effective strategies for optimization using Maxqda software, and finally, prioritization of the solutions based on the opinions of 30 experts in architecture and urban planning who are active in the construction industry in Isfahan through pairwise comparison of criteria. As a result, 15 solutions for optimal use of space in the architectural process were introduced in the form of 5 strategies: "efficiency," "multifunctionality," "environmental friendliness," "self-sufficiency," and "recyclability." The most effective solutions under each strategy were identified as "build as required," dimensional adaptability of architectural spaces," "preventing ground destruction in the construction process," "fixing Unfavorable dimensions and angles with the help of architectural elements," and "developability of the building."