مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۳۸۱.

A Critical Analysis of Iran's Strategic Partnerships with Africa(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 280 - 302

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Africa Foreign policy national interests Strategic Partnership

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Africa is of high significance for both developing and developed nations due to its geopolitical position, economic issues, cultural traditions, and the substantial number of Africans in international organizations and institutions. The Islamic Republic of Iran, driven by revolutionary objectives and national interests, cannot overlook Africa. Generally, In the discourse of the Iranian Islamic revolution, Africa is perceived as an oppressed continent under colonial influence with a significant Muslim population. However, despite being described as having a "strategic position" in Iran's foreign policy by Iranian officials, a closer examination of the peak periods of Iran-Africa interactions reveals that their engagement has remained limited. This paper aims to assess the status of Africa within the overarching foreign policy strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seeks to address the question of Africa's place in Iran's strategic planning and development programs. It evaluating the content of “development plan” directives and the performance of Iranian governments since 1995 using post-event analysis and trend research methods. The findings indicate that despite Africa's importance; Iranian policymakers have never formulated a coherent strategy for effective presence in Africa. Consequently, Iran's policies in Africa have been more focused on "meta-political" statements, lacking both evaluative and measurable frameworks as well as enforcement guarantees. This study demonstrates that Iran's policies in Africa have been driven by the motivations of ambassadors and the preferences and judgments of executors, with no consistent program pursued to achieve its true goals.
۳۸۲.

The Historical City of Zahedan-e Kohneh: A Thousand-Year-Old Masterpiece of Iranian Urban Planning(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۳۲, Issue ۴ (۲۰۲۴) 92 - 118
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۰
Sistan, situated between southeastern Iran and western Afghanistan, mainly falls within Afghanistan’s present province of Nimroz. Iranian Sistan, or Western Sistan, lies in the northern part of Sistan and Baluchistan province, characterized by its flat terrain formed by Hirmand River sediments. Historical and archaeological studies reveal different cities throughout Sistan's history. Zaranka, Proftazia, and Ram Shahristan served as hubs in the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods, respectively. In Islamic times (7th to 18th century), Zarang, Shahr-e Sistan, and Shahr-e Nou Sistan emerged as significant centers. Except for Zahedan-e Kohneh, which preserves the remnants of Shahr-e Sistan, the second capital of Sistan in the Islamic era, little information is available about the location of other central cities from this period. Zahedan-e Kohneh has earned the moniker "London of the East" due to its grand ruins, showcasing meticulous craftsmanship. The aim of this article is to study the architectural features and urban structure of the historical city of Zahedan-e Kohneh, which was the second capital (Dar alHukuma) of Sistan during the Islamic era (5th to 9th centuries AH). The results of studies show that engineers from Sistan a thousand years ago were very successful in designing and building this city, and in order to build a good and flawless city, they applied various sciences such as geometry, geography, geology, climatology, and ecology 
۳۸۳.

A Cross–Cultural Study on Job Satisfaction, Quality of Work Life and Emotional Intelligence between Iranian and Indian Female Employees

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Organizational Psychology, Vol. ۱, Issue ۴, ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 11

کلیدواژه‌ها: Job satisfaction Quality of work life Emotional Intelligence Female Employees Iran India

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Women in developing countries have competed to initiate an identity and make a capacity for themselves and show their abilities at work environment. The study was intended to examine whether cross - cultural differences exist with regard to job satisfaction, quality of work Life and emotional intelligence between Indian and Iranian female university employees. This study is a causal – comparative study. The sample size including 93 female employees from University of Sistan and Baluchestan and 70 employees from Delhi University that were randomly chosen for this research and they completed the measures of Job Satisfaction, Quality of Work Life and Emotional Intelligence. For analysing the data One – Way MANOVA was performed. The findings illustrated that there was significant cross – cultural differences on job satisfaction, job and career, homework interface, working conditions, sensitivity, maturity, and competency with regard to gender. The significant finding was that Iranian female employees felt more entitled than did Indian female employees.
۳۸۴.

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Quality of Life, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Commitment in Transmittal Company Employees

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Organizational Psychology, Vol. ۲, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۵ 19 - 33

کلیدواژه‌ها: Socio-demographic factors quality of life Emotional Intelligence Organizational commitment transmittal company Employees Iran

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The purpose of this study was to assess how socio-demographic factors affect quality of life, emotional intelligence, and organizational commitment among employees of transmittal companies in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. The sample included 268 employees from the Sistan and Baluchestan Transmittal Company who were selected through a convenience sampling method. The Quality of Life Scale created by Dueby et al. (1988), Singh's Emotional Intelligence Scale (2004), and the Organizational Commitment Scale by Khan and Mishra (2002) were employed for gathering data. The results from one way ANOVA indicated that individuals aged 31-40 years and those aged 41 years and older exhibited notably higher average mean scores for quality of life in comparison to the 22-30 years age group. However, people between 22 and 30 demonstrated notably higher average scores in emotional intelligence compared to those in the 31-40 age group and individuals aged 41 and older. The results of the independent t-test revealed that male employees achieved significantly greater average scores on quality of life compared to their female counterparts. The results from the one-way ANOVA indicated a notable difference in quality of life scores; employees with 11-20 years and those with 21 or more years of experience showed significantly higher average mean scores in quality of life compared to employees with less than 10 years of experience.
۳۸۵.

Cultural Knowledge Integration in Tourism Higher Education(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International journal of Tourism, Culture and Spirituality, Volume ۷, Issue ۲, ۲۰۲۴ 159 - 174

کلیدواژه‌ها: cultural knowledge Sustainable development goals Tourism Higher Education Thematic Indicators for Culture Iran

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Cultural knowledge education, which includes an understanding of both tangible and intangible cultural elements, behavioral patterns, and social processes within a specific community or group, is considered essential for promoting sustainable tourism development. Tourism higher education plays a crucial role in harnessing this knowledge. However, the integration of cultural knowledge within tourism curricula has not been extensively explored in academic research. This paper, focusing on tourism higher education in Iran, seeks to examine how different components of cultural knowledge are integrated into the curricula of undergraduate, graduate, and PhD programs. Using a qualitative design, the study analyzes the curricula of these programs through documentary research. Initially, courses relevant to cultural knowledge were identified through keyword searches, followed by a qualitative content analysis of course content to pinpoint the cultural knowledge components. The results indicate that cultural knowledge is more prominently incorporated at the undergraduate level than in the postgraduate programs. Furthermore, the distribution of cultural knowledge across graduate and PhD programs is unbalanced, especially when compared to the undergraduate curriculum. Given that these postgraduate programs aim to prepare future mid-to-senior-level managers and researchers in tourism, this imbalance highlights a significant gap. Therefore, revising the curricula to better integrate diverse cultural knowledge components is a critical priority for advancing sustainable tourism development in the country.
۳۸۶.

Metaphor in the West and Iran: A Comparative Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: متن پژوهی ادبی بهار ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱۰۳ 112 - 125

کلیدواژه‌ها: metaphor Rhetoric Literature Iran the West Cognitive linguistics

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In this article, the ideas of some prominent Iranian and Western scholars about metaphor are analyzed comparatively. In addition to “the introduction”, the article includes two main parts: in “Metaphor in the West”, the ideas of some well-known figures of the West such as Aristotle, Richards, Lakoff, and Johnson about metaphor are analyzed; and, in “metaphor in Iran”, the ideas of some prominent Iranian scientists concerning metaphor are reviewed and analyzed, namely, Raduyani, Jurjâni, and Sakkākī Khwārizmī. This research shows that in the West, the viewpoints of Aristotle concerning metaphor have made the foundation of most of the discussions about metaphor even till the twentieth century. However, the ideas of Lakoff and Johnson in the 1980s changed the old consolidated Aristotelian-based perspectives toward metaphor. The research also indicates that there is a close similarity between the ideas of Iranian classical scholars' viewpoints about metaphor and those of Aristotle, and the viewpoints of some of them are also close to what latter has been said about metaphor in the framework of cognitive linguistics. 
۳۸۷.

La Formation Requise des Enseignants de Français aux Écoles: Une Étude Comparative entre l'Iran et le Canada(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Revue des Études de la Langue Française, Volume ۱۶, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۴ 41 - 58

کلیدواژه‌ها: Formation des enseignants des écoles Structure de formation FLE Iran Canada

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Cet article analyse les programmes de formation des enseignants de français des écoles au Canada et en Iran, en mettant en lumière les différences et similitudes. L'objectif est de mieux comprendre les méthodes qui peuvent améliorer la qualité du travail des enseignants dans ces deux contextes éducatifs. L’étude compare les programmes de deux universités canadiennes, l'Université de Colombie-Britannique (UBC) et l'Université Simon Fraser (SFU), avec les pratiques éducatives en Iran. Il est important de noter que le ministère de l'Éducation en Iran ne requiert pas de certification spécifique pour les enseignants de français dans les écoles. Bien que des universités comme Farhanguian et Rajaei certifient les enseignants pour l'enseignement en milieu scolaire, elles n'offrent pas de formation spécialisée pour les enseignants de français. Cette étude se concentre donc sur les institutions officiellement responsables de la formation des enseignants. Les données proviennent d'analyses documentaires, d'entretiens avec des enseignants et des formateurs, ainsi que de questionnaires remplis par des élèves. Cependant, cet article aborde spécifiquement la structure des programmes de formation, les entretiens et les questionnaires faisant partie de la recherche principale. Les résultats révèlent qu'au Canada, la formation des enseignants de français est bien structurée et comprend des stages pratiques essentiels, tandis qu'en Iran, la formation reste souvent optionnelle et manque de composantes pratiques. Ces différences influencent directement la qualité de l'enseignement et la compétence des enseignants dans les deux pays.
۳۸۸.

Etude du rôle de la bande dessinée dans le développement de la compétence de l’expression écrite: cas des apprenants adolescents du FLE en Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Recherches en Langue et Littérature Françaises Année ۱۸, No ۳۴, Automne& Hiver ۲۰۲۵ 113 - 137

کلیدواژه‌ها: Expression écrite FLE public adolescent Iran Bande Dessinée

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L'enseignement du FLE en Iran est confronté à de nombreux obstacles, surtout quand il s’agit de l’écrit. Ces obstacles comprennent la motivation, la créativité ainsi que la difficulté à maîtriser les aspects linguistiques et discursifs de l'écriture en français . Une solution potentielle pour surmonter ces défis pourrait résider dans l'utilisation de supports pédagogiques innovants, tels que la bande dessinée, dont le présent article cherche à évaluer l'impact sur le développement de la compétence en expression écrite chez les adolescents apprenant le FLE en Iran.Pour ce faire, notre étude s'appuie sur un cadre théorique qui articule les notions de compétence de l'expression écrite, de bande dessinée et de didactique du FLE. Elle met en œuvre une méthodologie de recherche qualitative, basée sur une étude de cas menée dans une classe de niveau A2 du FLE en Iran. En conclusion, cette étude démontre que l'intégration des bandes dessinées dans l'enseignement du FLE pour les adolescents en Iran peut avoir des implications pédagogiques profondes et positives. Ces implications touchent divers aspects, de la stimulation de la créativité à la facilitation de l'apprentissage grammatical, en passant par l'encouragement à la lecture et à l'écriture. Les enseignants devraient utiliser ces supports avec d'autres méthodes et ressources.
۳۸۹.

Petroglyphs of Chah Abdullah of Harat, Yazd Province, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۵, Issue ۹, July ۲۰۲۵ 77 - 89

کلیدواژه‌ها: Archaeological Survey Iran Yazd Harat Petroglyphs common human art

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Petroglyphs are a form of human artistic expression that can be found in various locations around the world, displaying similar features despite being created in different eras. This art form, commonly found in mountainous and rocky areas, is often associated with shepherds and hunters. The themes depicted in petroglyphs typically revolve around hunting scenes, weapons, goats, sheep, dogs, and other activities related to hunting and herding. However, religious motifs can also be observed in some cases. While a variety of petroglyphs can be found throughout Iran, sites in central regions such as Yazd province have received less attention from archaeologists due to the desert climate. The petroglyphs we will discuss in this article are located in the Chah Abdullah region of south Yazd province, in central Iran. In 2021, the author conducted an archaeological survey of Harat City, identifying various cultural and historical sites from different periods. While most of the sites identified were historical monuments, several historical sites, including the Chah Abdullah petroglyphs, were also discovered. Based on the type of motifs and the depth of carving, this site is associated with different historical periods. However, it is fascinating that the creation of rock motifs continues even in contemporary times.
۳۹۰.

Iran's Geopolitical Patterns in the Ukraine Crisis: A Strategic Analysis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۸, Issue ۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۴ 789 - 839

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitical Patterns Geostrategy Iran Russia Ukraine Crisis

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The Russia-Ukraine war has ignited a complex geopolitical landscape with far-reaching implications. Global trade disruptions, economic strain, and heightened geopolitical tensions are only few of the consequences. This crisis serves as a microcosm of broader power struggles, influenced by historical, regional, and resource-based factors. Iran, although geographically distant from the conflict, is deeply intertwined in this complex web due to overlapping geopolitical interests. Ukraine's strategic position as a grain exporter, coupled with the broader context of NATO expansion and Russia's regional dominance, have placed Iran in a pivotal position. A central question emerges: What type of geopolitical pattern does Iran exhibit in response to the Ukraine crisis? Is it interactive, confrontational, dominance-seeking, influence-oriented, or competitive? To answer this, we will examine Iran's behavior across the various dimensions of geopolitics: geoeconomics, geoculture, geostrategy, and politics. By understanding Iran's approach, we can better assess potential opportunities and risks stemming from this crisis. Grounded theory approach was used for qualitative analysis, focusing on patterns and themes. MaxQDA software was used to analyze data and extract key concepts. Authors conclude that Iran-Ukraine geopolitical relations pattern are confrontational in all three dimensions: geostrategy, geoculture, and geoeconomics.
۳۹۱.

Political Obstacles to a Referendum in Palestine: The Case of Iran's Proposal(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۹, Issue ۲, spring ۲۰۲۵ 329 - 369

کلیدواژه‌ها: Arab states Iran Israel Palestinian Referendum US

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This study assesses the political challenges that hinder the implementation of a proposed referendum on Palestine, framed within Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST), which underscores the significance of a dominant global power in sustaining international order. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran has suggested this referendum as a means to determine Palestine's political system. From an HST perspective, the United States significantly impacts the international arena, including policies regarding Palestine. Its support for Israel complicates the political landscape and undermines alternative peace proposals, including those from Iran. This article seeks to answer the main question: what political obstacles prevent holding a referendum in Palestine, and what methods can be used to overcome those obstacles? The findings of the article indicate several political dynamics and factors that impede the referendum: political divisions within Israel regarding peace with the Palestinians, lack of consensus among Palestinian factions, differing approaches among Arab states, and conflicting positions of both Islamic and non-Arab countries. Additionally, the stances of the permanent members of the UN Security Council exacerbate these challenges. The author finds that Iran’s proposal has overlooked the international framework of a two-state solution.
۳۹۲.

The Hegemonic System Strategies to Counter the Rise of Islamic Revolution's power in West Asia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Islamic Political Thought, Vol ۱۱, Issue ۳, (Serial ۲۳), Autumn ۲۰۲۴ 67 - 102

کلیدواژه‌ها: Islamic revolution Dominance System Iran America Patrick Callahan Joseph Nye Future of Power hegemony

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The United States has historically aimed to establish power and dominance within the global multipolar system. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, it emerged as the new unipolar hegemon and sought to prevent the rise of rival superpowers by leading the hegemonic system. Consequently, limiting the emergence of new powers became a fundamental aspect of U.S. foreign policy, guided by a realist approach in its national security documents. In this context, addressing the promotion and export of the Islamic Revolution—an ideological and liberating movement that conflicts with the interests of the hegemonic system—became a priority. To counter the Islamic Revolution gaining power , the U.S.-led hegemonic system devised and executed strategies across nine areas: political, economic, cross-border, social, cultural, spatial, territorial, military, and science and technology. During this process, various complex methods were employed, including "influence" tactics, building a global consensus against the Islamic Revolution, and fostering sentiments such as Islamophobia and terrorism. This research aims to analyze these strategies descriptively within the theoretical frameworks of Patrick Callahan's " Theories of America's World Role " and Joseph Nye's "Future of Power."
۳۹۳.

Religion and Behavioral Patterns in Iran's Foreign Policy: A Comparative Study of the Pahlavi II Era and the Islamic Republic(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Islamic Political Thought, Vol ۱۱, Issue ۴, (Serial ۲۴), Winter ۲۰۲۵ 19 - 47

کلیدواژه‌ها: religion National identity Constructivism Foreign policy Iran

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This research presents a comparative analysis regarding the influence of religion as a key component of national identity on behavioral patterns in Iran's foreign policy across two distinct periods: that of Pahlavi II and the Islamic Republic. The significance of examining religion arises from its impact on national interest formulation within constructivist frameworks, where identity constructs play a pivotal role. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate how recognizing religion's position as an identity factor can enhance our understanding of behavioral patterns in Iran's foreign policy. Addressing the inquiry into religion's influence on these patterns during both eras, this paper posits that while religion was one of many influential factors in Pahlavi II's foreign policy landscape, it did not substantially integrate into national identity or affect foreign policy decisions at that time. Conversely, within the Islamic Republic framework, religion emerges as a fundamental ideology and an independent variable that shapes foreign policy behavior. The research findings ultimately reveal that during Pahlavi II’s era, national interests were defined through the lens of modern state identity, whereas Shia ideology became central to shaping foreign policy identity in the Islamic Republic. Consequently, religion has demonstrated a significant direct impact on behavioral patterns within this political context.
۳۹۴.

A Critical Reading of the Elements of Iranshahri Political Thought in the Views of Javad Tabatabai(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Islamic Political Thought, Vol ۱۱, Issue ۴, (Serial ۲۴), Winter ۲۰۲۵ 83 - 104

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Iranshahri Thought Iranshahri Political Thought Ideal Kingship The New in the Old

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Reflection on Javad Tabatabai's views concerning Iranshahri political thought, along with certain critical remarks, constitutes the central focus of the present article. This article initially addresses the position of the discourse on Iranshahri thought and political thought within the entirety of Tabatabai's research project. Subsequently, following brief references to the characteristics of Iranshahri thought as its foundations, the elements (sing. mofrad) of Iranshahri political thought, based on these foundations, are extracted and inferred from his works.The most significant elements of Iranshahri political thought, according to Tabatabai, can be identified as follows: 1. Ideal kingship possessing divine farr (charisma/glory). 2. The institution of vizierate. 3. The absolute, but not autocratic, nature of Iranshahri monarchy. 4. Realism, expediency, and the precedence of observing justice over Sharia (religious law). 5. Unity in diversity centered on the institution of kingship. 6. Tolerance. 7. The education of princes and future rulers. 8. Law as the will of God, enacted by the royal institution as God's representative on earth. 9. Religion as a part of national affairs and in service of national interests. 10. Emphasis on the disorders of the age as a negative aspect of the rearticulation of Iranshahri political thought in the Islamic era.The ahistorical nature, subjective interpretation (tafsir bi'l-ra'y), imposition of presuppositions onto historical reality, ideological character, and the disregarding or omission of events and ideas contrary to his viewpoint are the most significant shortcomings in Tabatabai's views on Iranshahri political thought.
۳۹۵.

Imam Khomeini's Dynamic Interpretation of the Holy Quran and the Islamic Revolution of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۴, Spring ۲۰۲۵ 22 - 1

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Iran Islamic revolution constitution

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Objective: Islam, with its focus on the sacred text and divine revelation of the Holy Quran, continues to expand as a leading school of thought in the world today. The source of the transformation in Quranic studies in the contemporary world was the Islamic Revolution in Iran, which was initiated by Imam Khomeini in the 1970s and drastically altered the course of Quranic studies worldwide in an unprecedented manner. The present study aims to answer the question of how the position of the Quran is analyzed within the Islamic Republic of Iran's system and what special services the Islamic Republic's institutions provide for the sanctity of the Holy Quran.Method: This was developed based on descriptive-analytical research methods and library documentation.Results: The Holy Quran serves as the foundation for the thoughts and perspectives of Imam Khomeini, and his dynamic interpretation and revolutionary view of the Holy Quran are clearly manifested in numerous levels and sectors of the structures of the Islamic Revolution system of Iran.Conclusions: A comparative look at Islamic republics around the world shows that the Islamic Republic of Iran, in formulating its constitution, made the most use of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt in various social, political, and familial aspects, establishing public, promotional, and specialized institutions at the highest levels of government to expound and implement Quranic teachings.
۳۹۶.

Strategies and Behavioral Patterns of Iraqi Kurdistan in the Iran-Israel Confrontation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۳۷- Serial Number ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۳ 23 - 44

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Iraqi Kurdistan Zionist regime strategy balance of threat

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Iraqi Kurdistan has adopted an independent foreign policy from the Iraqi central government in the past two decades; This foreign policy is based on a different model and strategy that aims at independence. In this regard, considering the importance and determinant nature of Iran’s regional policy in the face of regional developments such as the disintegration of neighboring countries along with Tehran’s position on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil is leveraging a strategic model of balance of threat towards the confrontation between Tehran and Tel Aviv. Accordingly, the present study seeks to explain why and how this strategy is adopted by the Iraqi Kurdistan towards the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. Therefore, the main question is "what is the rationale for Iraqi Kurdistan to understand Iranian threat?" The hypothesis is that due to its historical components, different organizational and social identities, differences in power levels and personal factors (mindsets of the leaders), The Iraqi Kurdistan sees the Islamic Republic of Iran as an obstacle in the way of realization of the its independence. Therefore, Iraqi Kurdistan in the Zionism-Iranian confrontation pursues a unique strategy based on the balance of threat. This essay is an analytical-explanatory study that has been done through using a combination of theoretical frameworks of balance of threat and constructivism. Furthermore, the research method in this essay is based on trend analysis.
۳۹۷.

The Role of the United States in the Future of Iran-Russia Relations(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۳۷- Serial Number ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۳ 45 - 64

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Russia the U.S Strategic Alliance Future Process

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Iran and Russia have some common issues due to their geographical proximity; on other hand, these two countries have nearly identical perspectives on some regional and global political and security issues, and they can use their capacities to create a model of complementary cooperation between the two countries.Yet, political-security concerns on the regional and global levels, particularly with regard to US policy towards the two nations, have always impacted these collaborations. Examining the history of relations between Iran and Russia over the last four decades reveals that the United States of America has consistently played the most important and influential role in Tehran-Moscow relations.However, an examination of America's influence on the ups and downs of Iran-Russia relations reveals that this factor has established milestones in increasing Iran and Russia's common understanding of being on the same axis.The existing assumptions also show that, as a result of regional and international trends, cybernetic logic has emerged in the development of Iran-Russia relations with the goal of balancing the threat against America, which may lead to the realization of the Iran-Russia strategic alliance scenario.In this study, the trend effect analysis method is used to identify the role of the United States in the process of Iran-Russia relations, and the new and potential dimensions of Tehran-Moscow relations are identified as a result of the American component.
۳۹۸.

Future Scenarios of the Iran-Saudi Rapprochement: an Iranian View(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۳۷- Serial Number ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۳ 87 - 106

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Saudi Arabia Rapprochement Future scenarios Balance of interests

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تعداد بازدید : ۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸
Due to different interests, ideologies, and geopolitical goals, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have long been in competition, which occasionally got severe. After a seven-year rupture, on March 10, 2023, the two states agreed to restore diplomatic relations to reduce tensions. This research examines the rapprochement between Iran and Saudi Arabia and tries to answer this question: what are the future scenarios of the Iran-Saudi Arabia rapprochement? To tackle the question, this research tends to analyze the Iranian-Saudi relationship and shed light on the future scenarios of the deal from an Iranian perspective. Three scenarios are presented: the first one is the cynical one and pays attention to challenges and the driving forces that can deteriorate the present de-escalated relations. The second scenario considers the positive potentialities of the deal and the situation it can make for more stability and peace. The third one regards both elements of tension and compatibility. Ultimately, the third scenario is considered the most logical one based on the framework presented as the Balance of Interests.
۳۹۹.

Untangling the Yemen Conflict: Middle Eastern Roots and Iran's Role in Mediation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۳۷- Serial Number ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۳ 205 - 224

کلیدواژه‌ها: Middle East Yemen Crisis Saudi Arabia Iran Peace Process

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵
Yemen is the poorest Arab country in the world. The corruption of the government, the marginalization of the Houthis, and the inability of the government to meet the economic needs of the citizens of this poor Arab country have been burning in the fire of instability for more than a decade. This instability is such that the transfer of power in 2011 could not be a message of peace for this country, and finally, in 2015, the country entered into a devastating civil war. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method, has tried to investigate the roots of the crisis in Yemen and the constructive role of Iran in ending this conflict. The results of the research show that the Islamic Republic of Iran evaluates the developments in Yemen in the form of Islamic awakening, which reduces the influence of the West in the region. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran is concerned about the efforts of Saudi Arabia to manage the developments in Yemen and to empower the affiliated currents and demands that all religious and political currents play a role in the future of this country. What is important for Iran is, firstly, to play a constructive role in the developments of this country to solve the existing challenges towards the understanding of political groups, and secondly, to support its allies to prevent their forced exit from the power scene.
۴۰۰.

Hebrew-Arab Convergence and Its Implications for Security Arrangements in the Persian Gulf Region(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۳۸- Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۳ 297 - 320

کلیدواژه‌ها: Israeli regime Iran Persian Gulf region Convergence Security Arrangements

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶
In recent decades, differences, competitions, increased distrust, and conflicts between the countries bordering the Persian Gulf, as well as the presence and influence of extra-regional countries, have made it impossible to achieve comprehensive and lasting security arrangements, and on this basis, Arab countries in the region have sought to place themselves under the protective umbrella of other powers. In this regard, and after the Islamic Revolution, the major conflicting interests of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region with the Islamic Republic of Iran have made the realization of a security order more difficult and faced it with serious challenges. Especially during the past two decades, simultaneous with the increase in Iran's regional power, with the support of the United States, a groundwork has been provided for reconciliation and rapprochement between the Zionist regime of Israel and the Arab states in the region. In this context, it seems that the policy of reconciliation and convergence in Tel Aviv may have implications and consequences for the establishment of security arrangements in the region. Accordingly, the main question of the research is: what impact can the convergence of the Israeli regime and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf have on the process of achieving regional security arrangements? The research hypothesis is that the expansion and development of Tel Aviv's relations with the governments of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region can make it difficult to achieve an internal security order by complicating regional equations and intensifying security problems in the region. The research method is qualitative and with an analytical-explanatory approach, and the data have been collected from library and internet sources. The balancing of threats theory has also been used to explain the research topic.