درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper tries to survey the use of geometric patterns in stucco decorations as an important identity and cultural element in the Sasanian era building designs. Seven frieze patterns were used in order to understand the practical geometry in Sasanian stucco. The studied stuccoes were found during archaeological excavations conducted between 2015 and 2017 at e Jahangir Dome and Guriye Stuccos in Eivan, Ilam province. In this article, the discovered stuccoes have been examined, results of which indicate that stuccoes can be divided into three categories based on their features and applications: geometric patterns, vegetal patterns, and animal patterns. Comparing these stuccoes with those found elsewhere such as Qale Yazdegerd, and Ctesiphon shows that the buildings of Jahangir Dome and Guriye were noble houses in the Sasanian period, with their vegetal motifs and mythological animals being e formed under the influence of religious and ritual elements. The survey of motifs on the base with seven frieze patterns shows artists’ adherence to the principle of symmetry and repetition.

Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbors and Rivals is more than just a history of wars; it opens new windows and challenges some of the most common views regarding Roman-Persian relations. By emphasizing Iranian sources, Beate Dignas and Engelbert Winter avoid reconstructing historical events from a Roman point of view and instead present a balanced outlook free of common anti-oriental prejudices. Their work covers a wide range of topics and explains how the Romans and Persians despite many wars attempted to secure their national interests via channels of negotiations and complex diplomacy. The Roman-Persian rivalry seems “modern” in many respects and this character of their relation is nicely demonstrated in this book.  

In addition to its functional aspects, architecture holds a deeper significance that communicates with the observer or user of the architectural work. Perception plays a crucial role in various fields, as an individual's perceptions, emotions, and mental states, alongside visual characteristics, can lead to diverse or multiple interpretations, allowing the landscape to be understood in myriad ways. Every architectural design maintains a connection with its surroundings through its distinct visual attributes. Aligning with this notion, the present study aims to elucidate the visual aspects of workplace architecture and its impact on the performance of private bank employees in Rafsanjan city. This research adopts an applied developmental goal and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data collection utilized both field methods (public questionnaires) and a combined approach (quantitative-qualitative) for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied using SPSS software. The findings revealed a direct correlation between the visual characteristics of workplace architecture and job performance in private bank branches in Rafsanjan. Thus, emphasizing visual elements in bank architecture holds significant importance, as these factors can influence employee performance, alertness levels, and concentration at work. The visual features of workplace architecture directly impact visual and psychological needs. Therefore, to enhance the performance quality of banks, these characteristics must be regarded as pivotal factors in workplace environments.

Central Asia is a key unit of archaeological studies of the Ancient Near East and an issue for important questions such as primary states, Aryan people immigration has a unique role in archaeological activities. Considering the geographical location of Dargaz (Dargaz) Plain at the periphery of Central Asia, it is a vital area in the archaeology of the northeastern part of the Iranian Central Plateau and Central Asia. The region is ideally situated to research regional relationships and inter-regional interactions between those cultural-geographical regions due to its ecological potential and geographic location. Archaeologically, to comprehend Cultural Similarities in Dargaz Plain, many studies and surveys have been done since the beginning of the 20th Century. However, because of the lack of more detailed excavation in this area, the quality of cultural material of Central Asia and the Iranian Central Plateau is reassessing continuously. The first archaeological survey by Kohl and Heskel in 1978 reveals the similarities between Central Asia and this area. The Following works were done for the sake of making known the prehistoric Sites, their interaction with neighboring regions, and their ecosystem but it remains incomplete. Twenty-one prehistoric settlements have remained in the area, dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age I/III, according to archaeological studies carried out during these years. The majority of the locations that have been found are the ruins of dispersed villages and seasonal camps that were scattered throughout the plain, as well as at inaccessible heights and other locations. With an emphasis on the material culture, particularly the local ceramic traditions and the settlement patterns of the prehistoric site, this current work investigates the connection and interconnectedness of the Dargaz Plain and proposes novel prospects for future works. A study of the Dargaz Plain may shed new light on the social and cultural history of a larger region.

Donald Scott Whitcomb was born on 27 April 1930. He was a revered scholar whose contributions to the field of Islamic Archaeology especially in the Persian Gulf region were immeasurable. He was research associated in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago since the beginning of 1981. Whitcomb then served as an Associate at this Institute, since 1990. His Master’s thesis dealt with the Proto-Elamite Period at Tall-i Ghazir, Iran despite the fact that his expertise was in Islamic Archaeology.

Notwithstanding its cultural wealth, archaeologists have hitherto given little consideration to Meshkinshahr County of Iran’s Ardabil Province. The region is remarkably rich in graves, as is evident from the various types of graves with simple inhumation, dolmen, rectangular stone-built, and Kurgan. In the spring of 2019, a rare example of Kurgan was investigated near the city of Fakhrabad. Unlike all other graves excavated in northwest Iran, its structure consisted of a combination of stones and mud bricks. This paper presents the preliminary results from the excavation of this Kurgan. While introducing the Kurgan, an assemblage of small artifacts and its structure were examined, and a relative chronology was then proposed. The Kurgan arguably occupies a special place in archaeology of Iran and South Caucasus given a combination of stones with mud bricks it has in its construction. Such Kurgan type still remains unreported from the region.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of urban planning indicators affecting smart housing in Baghdad. The method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done in library and field. The statistical population of the study was experts and experts in the field of housing in Baghdad, and 86 experts were selected as the sample size using the Delphi sampling method. The findings show that the information technology index with 22.78 and the index of intelligent systems with 15.79 had the highest and lowest level of intelligence of residential buildings. Also, the results of structural equations show that in the physical component between the criteria of the information technology index, the existence of a digital building map 0.307 and in the environmental component between the criteria of the energy consumption index, the use of new methods of energy dissipation with a 0.411 and in the physical component and the index of smart systems, the criterion of controlling equipment with mobile applications and tablets, have the most effect on the intelligence of residential buildings in Baghdad. in order to improve the quality of life of the residents, save energy consumption, and prevent accidents, the need for urban managers to pay attention to smart technology is essential.