درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to find out anxiety and depression among tertiary level students in Bangladesh during COVID-19 outbreak. Method: The online survey design was used in this study. To measure anxiety and depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales were used. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of several factors on the likelihood that respondents would report that they had a problem with anxiety and depression. Results: The strongest predictor of binary logistic regression of reporting anxiety was gender (OR: 2.848; 95% CI; 1.836-4.417; p < .001) indicating female students had about 2.9 times more likely to report anxiety than male students controlling for all other factors. The duration of using social media (OR: 0.567; 95% CI; 0.329-0.978; p < 0.05) was also affecting the level of anxiety of the students. Depression was getting affected by the present living place (OR: 0.507; 95% CI; 0.316-0.814; p=.005). Conclusion: This study showed that students were having different level of anxiety and depression. Gender, the present living place and the duration of using social media were the significant factors for anxiety disorder. Depression was also getting affected by the present living place and the duration of using social media.

Objective: Quality of life and mental well-being are some of the issues that can play an important role in the disease and its treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life and mental well-being of myocardial infarction patients and healthy people. Methods: This is a causal-comparative study with parallel groups. The statistical population of this study was all myocardial infarction patients in Sina hospital in Tehran in 2019. 69 myocardial infarction patients and 72 healthy people were selected by the available sampling method. Data collected to use the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QoL, SF-36) and Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, Mann-Whitney U test, and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Results: In terms of quality of life, healthy people were at a higher level compared with patients (F=49.90, P<0.05), but the score of total quality of life by sex was not significant in healthy and patient groups (F=1.74, P>0.05). Also, the dimensions of mental well-being were higher in healthy subjects than in myocardial infarction patients (F=4.41, P<0.05) and there was no difference between the two sexes (F=0.01, P>0.05). Conclusion: Myocardial infarction patients have a lower quality of life and subjective well-being than healthy people. Based on the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to two variables quality of life and subjective well-being in the design of interventions to reduce the psychological problems, patients with MI.

Objective: the present study aimed at studying the relationship between job stress and personality traits and also if the effect of job stress on personality traits was moderated by social support. Method: The populations consisted of offshore personnel working in Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) in Kharg Island. 234 participants using convenience sampling answered three questionnaires (job stress, very brief NEO-form, and perceived social support of family-scale). Four main hypotheses using structural equation analysis were examined. Results: The findings showed a predictive effect between the personality traits and job stress except for openness to experience such that job stress had an increasing effect on neuroticism and a decreasing effect on extraversion, agreeability, and conscientiousness. Social support, on the other hand, as a moderator decreased the effects of job stress on personality traits except for openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeability such that it decreased neuroticism and increased conscientiousness. Conclusion: the results generally revealed the predictive effects of job stress on personality traits and showed that social support, as a buffer, can reduce the effects of job stress on personality traits. The results were discussed based on the existing models on personality changes.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had referred to Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Research Centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 20 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental (10 patients) and control groups (10 patients). The experimental group received the CBSM. Participants completed scales. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: CBSM increased the distress tolerance and components of pain perception (perceived influence of important people and doing daily affairs) (p <0.001) and it decreased pain severity and IL-12. Also, these changes remained stable during follow-up. Conclusions: CBSM is an effective to influence on distress tolerance, pain perception, and IL-12 in MS patients.

Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been consistently identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness and physical activity. Method: This study was descriptive and correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly in the care centers of Shahrekord and Farsan in 2019, among whom 180 individuals were selected randomly. The participants filled out research instruments including Relationship Assessment scale (Hendrick, 1998), Perceived Social Support scale (Zimet, et al., 1988), Adult’s Social and Emotional Loneliness scale (DiTommasso, et al., 2004), and Leisure-time Activities scale (Godin, 1985). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 23) and AMOS (version 23) software to analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated direct effect of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity on marital satisfaction (p <0.001), and indirect effect of perceived social support on marital satisfaction through emotional loneliness and physical activity (p <.05). Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model which explains the interrelationships between perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity, and marital satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to pay more attention to the variables of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity in order to improve the marital relationships of the elderly. The findings of this study can help psychologists and other caretakers create more effective family matter programs for the older generations to enhance their marital satisfaction.