علی دلاور

Introduction: Academic transgression (AT), as any behavior, belief, or condition that violates a social and academic norm, is a serious problem threatening academic integrity, especially when committed by faculty members, who are supposed to be educational role models. Societies employ social control means to respond to, prevent or reduce transgressive acts, to maintain social order and morality. The current study aimed to examine the perceived effects of self-control, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction, as social control means, on five types of interpersonal, educational, research, organizational, and sexual ATs among faculty members, and also to measure perceived prevalence of these transgressions in Iranian higher education. Material & Methods: A modified version of “perceived causal relations” methodology was adopted to study the perceived relations between reciprocal pairs of the variables. Network analysis was employed to analyze the data gathered from faculty members via an online questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrated that faculty member participants perceived high effects of their self-control, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction on decreasing ATs, particularly interpersonal, organizational, and educational ATs. Conclusion: As faculty member participants perceived high prevalence of all types of ATs in Iranian academia, there is an urge to consider new policies to employ effective social control means suggested in this research, especially self-control, to reduce, and even restrain the perpetration of these transgressions. We also suggest perceived causal relations as a useful and strong methodology to conduct research on sensitive topics, especially, transgression and crime

Purpose: Most couples face communication problems in their marital life. Disturbing relationships have devastating effects on their physical and social performance. Methodology: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of communication imaging therapy (IMG therapy) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the mental health of couples. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, after-test, control and follow-up two months. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples referring to counseling centers located in 6th district of Tehran in 1965-96. By using available sampling, 90 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 30 people. They responded to the Mental Health Questionnaire in three stages (Goldberg, 1972). The groups received 8 sessions of Ninety-minute training in association with treatment and admission therapy (ACT), and did not receive an interventional control. Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in the mental health score in the experimental group compared with the control group in the post-test and follow up stage. Since the implementation of the intervention training of communication imaging therapy therapy (EMG) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) Mental health of couples is influential. Discussion: these couple therapy approaches can be used as a useful strategy for creating coherence and creating a conscious relationship to the interaction of mental elements to improve couples' relationships.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between gender and bilingualism with English learning among 7-11 years old students. Methodology: 261 students (124 girls and 157 boys) were selected through multi-stage sampling method from elementary school. Employing check list the level of English scores was obtained .The children's private speech obtained from listening to them when they were solving a puzzle in group. Findings: An independent t test showed that there was no significant relationship between bilingualism and English scores (p<05/0). Furthermore an ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant relationship between the type of private speech and English scores (p<0/01). A Sheffe post hoc showed that the solving private speech had the significant relationship with high performance in English scores among four types of private speech: Solving speech, Task relevant speech, non- facilitative Coping/ reinforcing speech and task- irrelevant speech. Discussion: considering the nature of the "solving private speech" indicates that this kind of private speech had a more meta-cognitive nature which leads to better cognitive function such as learning English.