محمد بهرامی سیف آباد

The energy sector is a vital pillar of economic development of any country. The government and the private sector are exploring efficient energy sources, and for this purpose, various governments have specified carbon-related targets considering the existing realities. In such circumstances, manufacturing companies are under pressure to improve their energy performance. In these circumstances, reducing energy loss from production systems is very important. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting energy loss in the manufacturing industry and to provide a suitable model for energy efficiency and the development of renewable energies in the manufacturing sector. The research method is mixed. The study sample consisted of 148 experts in manufacturing industries affiliated with the Electronic Industries Company in Shiraz. Data analysis was performed using pls software. The results show that reforming the infrastructure related to renewable energies, paying the initial costs of technology adoption, supporting policies, technological innovations, and inter-sectoral cooperation in technology can be solutions for the development of renewable energies in the manufacturing sector.

The purpose of the study is to develop and test an analytical model for resilience assessment of supply chain risks against the risks of system and its individual tiers. In this regard a multi-method research approach is adopted as follows: By using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and fuzzy set theory, a fuzzy network DEA model has been proposed to assess risk in overall supply chains and their individual tiers. The proposed model is tested by surveying of 130 people as selective petrochemical companies in Iran. The survey results show a substantial variation in resilience ratings between the overall petrochemical supply chains and their individual tiers. The research findings indicate that system resilience is not necessarily indicative of the resilience of its individual tiers. On the other hand, high efficiency scores in supply chain tiers have limited influence on overall resilience of supply chain. The proposed analytical model enables the assessment of supply chain flexibility at different levels for a wide range of supply chain risks in upstream, downstream and downstream process-es.