جامی پژوهی در پاکستان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کثرت منابع موجود در کتابخانه های پاکستان درباره آثار عبدالرحمن جامی به قدری است که پژوهش های گسترده و مستقلی می طلبد. تعداد بسیار شرح ها، ترجمه ها، نظیره سرایی های اردو، فارسی و عربی در تقلید و جوابیه اشعار جامی، همچنین نسخ خطی فراوان، آثار بی شمار چاپی، کتاب ها، رساله ها، مقالات و پژوهش های زبان اردو در پاکستان، نیازمند نقد و تحلیل است که شاید به دلیل نبود آشنایی به زبان اردو، فارسی زبانان تاکنون به آن نپرداخته اند. نویسندگان پژوهش حاضر کوشیده اند تا زاویه نگاه پژوهشگران پاکستانی را بازنگری کنند. به نظر می رسد فراوانی پژوهش های زبان اردو در برخی از رویکردها مانند رویکرد تحلیلی و ترجمه، تطبیقی، تاریخ ادبیاتی و شخصیت پژوهی و همچنین رویکرد عرفان پژوهی، نشانه گرایش عمیق تصوف گرایی باشد. جایگاه جامی در تصوف و تأثیر فراوان نعتیه های او، از شاخصه های نمایان تصوف ایرانی در پاکستان است و آثار جامی را می توان از عوامل گسترش زبان فارسی در این خطه به شمار آورد. این پژوهش با رویکرد کتاب شناسی، به گردآوری نزدیک به هفتاد اثر زبان اردو از کتابخانه های پاکستان پرداخته و سپس با شیوه تحلیلی-توصیفی و با بررسی موضوعی، آماری و تحلیل رویکردی پژوهش های زبان اردو، کوشیده تا تحلیل و کتاب شناسی دقیقی در اختیار فارسی زبانان قرار دهد. ازآنجاکه نسخ خطی و چاپ های متعدد آثار جامی توسط فهرست نویسان ایرانی و پاکستانی ثبت و معرفی شده است، در این مقاله تنها به رویکرد پژوهش های زبان اردو در نظیره گویی ها، شرح ها و ترجمه ها نیم نگاهی داشته ایم؛ تااینکه دانستن رویکرد و گرایش اندیشمندان پاکستان درباره جامی، زوایای جدیدی پیشِ روی پژوهشگران حوزه تصوف شبه قاره بگشاید.Jámi studies in Pakistan
The abundance of resources available in Pakistani libraries about the works of Abdul Rahman Jami is so much that it requires extensive and independent research. A large number of commentaries, translations, examples of Urdu, Persian and Arabic poetry in imitation and response to Jami's poems, as well as many manuscripts, numerous printed works, books, treatises, articles and studies of the Urdu language in Pakistan need criticism. And the analysis is to determine the approach and perspective of Urdu speakers to Jami's works, which may be due to the lack of familiarity with Urdu language, Persian speakers have not paid attention to it so far. The author of this article, who is an Urdu speaker and a native of Pakistan, with the guidance of a prominent professor, has tried to revise the perspective and interests of Pakistani researchers and scientists in research, translation, interpretation, and analogy. It seems that the abundance of Urdu language researches in some approaches such as analytical and translation approach, comparative approach, literary history approach and personality research approach, as well as mysticism research approach is a proof of the deep taste of Sufism in Pakistan, as well as the high position Jami in Sufism and the deadly effect of his teachings are among the prominent features of Iranian Sufism in this region. Due to the large number of works of Jami and his followers in Pakistan, only a part of them, about seventy works, were examined, since the manuscripts and multiple prints of Jami's works have been registered and introduced by Iranian and Pakistani cataloguers. In this article, we have only looked at the approaches of Urdu language research, analogies, descriptions and translations, with the aim that knowing the approach and tendency of Pakistani thinkers about Jami will open new angles for researchers in the field of Sufism in the subcontinent.
1. Introduction
The abundance of resources available in Pakistani libraries about Jami is so much that it requires extensive and independent research. A large number of descriptions, translations, examples of Urdu works, many manuscripts and other researches of Urdu language in Pakistan need criticism and analysis to determine the approach and angle of view of Urdu speakers towards Jami's works, which maybe due to lack of familiarity with Urdu language. Farsi-speakers have not paid attention to it so far. The existence of many works of Jami study shows the fact that the extent of influence and influence of Jami's thinking and style from his lifetime until after the independence of Pakistan and the present era is one of the most important factors in the expansion of Iranian civilization and Islamic culture in that land. It seems that the abundance of researches in Urdu language in some approaches of mysticism is a proof of the deep taste of Sufism in Pakistan, also the place of Rafi Jami in Sufism and the great influence of his Naatiyyahs is one of the prominent characteristics of Iranian Sufism in this region. Knowing the approach and tendency of Pakistani thinkers about Jami opens new angles for researchers in the field of Sufism of the subcontinent.
1.1. Detailed Research Methodology
The author of this article, who is from Pakistan, has tried to review the perspective and interests of Pakistani researchers in research, translation, explanation and analogy. Due to the large number of works of Jami and his followers in Pakistan, only a part of them, about seventy works in Urdu language, have been collected from Pakistani libraries, and this article has analyzed them in an analytical and statistical approach.
It seems that the scholars who studied cupology in Pakistan are mostly followers of the Naqshbandi, Chishti, and Nowshah dynasties; Although the followers of Barilavi and Nizami Tariqat have also praised and honored him. The religious order and religion of Urdu speakers is a strong factor in the tendency towards Jami works. For this reason, the trend towards Jami studies is not limited to a certain time, but it is still popular in all the years of the formation of Pakistan until the present day, and in terms of location, it is also everywhere in Pakistan, including Karachi. , Multan, Hyderabad, even small cities such as "Rahim Yar Khan" have been written by researchers, most of the works of Urdu language research have been published in the cultural center of Pakistan, i.e. in the city of Lahore, and most of the translations and explanations have been published in "Allah Wali Ki Qaumi" publications. Dekan", "Shamabak Agency Publications" and... have been published that the author of the article has tried to investigate public libraries, specialized libraries of colleges and scientific centers and even private libraries of Pakistani intellectuals in these cities.
Discussion
In the first part of the sections of this article, which explains the approaches, it deals with the comparative approach and the effectiveness of Urdu speakers from Jami's works. He has reviewed examples and examples.
In the section on the approach of text translation, which is often a combination of the concepts of translation, description and history of literature, it has addressed the most frequent works of Jami in this field, such as Nafahat Al-Alans, Yusuf and Zulikha, Arbaeen Jami, etc.
In the section of analytical and interpretative approach to one of Jami's works, which has received a lot of attention in Pakistan, especially in Arabic language and literature groups and seminaries, is the book Al-Fawad al-Diyayeh. Translators and interpreters who have had a linguistic/structural approach and a literary/syntactic approach to enrich schools. Most of such works are included in the textbooks of schools, universities and seminaries in Pakistan. In addition to mystical literature, Arabic syntax and lyrical literature, Jami was able to fulfill a part of the growing literary needs of the subcontinent with his treatises on "propositions and rhymes". The expansion of Persian language through the linguistic and syntactic approach of Urdu speakers to Jami's works is one of the other topics of this article.
In the section of literary history approach, we have discussed Jami's position in the minds of writers and writers of the subcontinent, which is equal to the position of Ferdowsi, Hafez, Saadi, and Molana.
In a section entitled the approach of mysticism, we have discussed the popularity and status of Jami among the common people in Pakistan in the world of mysticism and Sufism. He is considered as Qutb and Murshid of Tariqat followers and a powerful researcher and theoretician of the Naqshbandiyya chain, who has many followers who believe in the plan of the pure people of the subcontinent. Jami, due to Mahrezi's ability to explain the problems of Sufism and mysticism in a wonderful and pleasant order and in eloquent scholarly prose, kept Iranian mysticism, which was turning to vulgarity during his era, as a scholarly foundation and in this way he was able to rank among the greatest authors and Persian-speaking mystic and Sufi poets should be given a place. Jami's mastery in Sufism and natiyyah is a clear reason for the conversion of the Sufi-loving and exalted people of Rasulullah in Pakistan since the beginning.
A section entitled manuscripts and cataloging of Jami's works has been discussed. Pakistan's prominent cataloger and famous bibliographer Arif Noshahi, in his important book Jami in Urdu, has included his deep research on Jami's works in the form of a detailed classification of Jami's works. It has provided a thorough analysis of regular subject lists of Jami's writings, which we have reviewed and other researches in this field. In libraries, there is often a separate section called "Jami Corner" where Jami's works and related researches are kept and made available to researchers, some of them are listed in this research.
Conclusion
The approaches of Urdu speakers in Pakistan, from the analysis of Jami's works to the creation of examples and following and being influenced by him in composing poems, as well as the declaration of attachment to Jami's personality and profession and the life-changing effect of Jami's sayings on the people of the region of Pakistan were investigated.
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