تحلیل دوبیتی های «لاله طور» علامه اقبال لاهوری بر اساس نظریه ارتباط زبانی رومن یاکوبسن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
برپایه نظریه ارتباط زبانی رومن یاکوبسن (1982-1896)، تحقق هر ارتباط کلامی، نیازمند شش عامل است، یعنی فرستنده، گیرنده، پیام، موضوع، رمزگان و مجرای ارتباطی که جهت گیری پیام به سوی هریک از آن ها موجب نقش های خاصی شامل نقش عاطفی، ترغیبی، ادبی، ارجاعی، رمزگان و همدلی می شود. در بررسی و مطالعه دوبیتی های «لاله طور» علامه اقبال لاهوری که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی صورت گرفته، کارکردهای شش گانه زبان براساس نظریه ارتباطی یاکوبسن تبیین و تحلیل شده و تلاش بوده تا به این سؤال اساسی پاسخ داده شود که کدام نقش زبانی بیشترین کارکرد را در این مجموعه شعری دارد. برآیند تحقیق نشان از آن دارد که علاوه بر نقش ادبی، نقش عاطفی که در آن جهت گیری پیام به سوی خود گوینده است، بیشترین کارکرد را دارد و اقبال از این طریق، به بیان عواطف و احساسات خویش پرداخته و حتی از دیگر نقش های زبان نیز درراستای تحقق همین امر بهره جسته است؛ ازاین رو هدف و محوریت کلام در این دوبیتی ها با «فرستنده» (من) است و نوع ادبی آن ها از نوع ادب غنایی است که عنصر توصیف در آن مهم ترین عنصر به حساب می آید و شاعر در آن به توصیف احوال، اندیشه و احساس لطیف خویش پرداخته است.Analysis of the couplets of Allameh Iqbal Lahouri's "Lale Toor" based on Roman Jacobsen's theory of linguistic communication
According to Roman Jacobsen's theory of linguistic communication (1896-1982), the realization of any verbal communication requires six factors: sender, receiver, message, subject, ciphers and communication channel that the direction of the message towards each of them causes specific roles including: emotional role, persuasive, literary, referential, symbolic and empathetic. In the review and study of Allameh Iqbal Lahouri's “Lale Toor” couplets, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, the six functions of language were explained and analyzed based on Roman Jacobsen's communication theory, and an attempt was made to answer the basic question of which language role has the most important function in this poetry collection? The result of the research shows that in addition to the literary role, the emotional role in which the message is directed towards the speaker has the most function and Allameh Iqbal Lahouri expressed his emotions and feelings in this way and even from other roles of language have been used in order to realize the same thing. Therefore, the purpose and centrality of the speech in these couplets is with the "sender" (me) and the literary type of these couplets is the type of lyrical literature, in which the element of description is considered the most important element, and the poet describes his state, thoughts and tender feelings.
1. Introduction
Iqbal Lahori's (1877-1938) poetry collection "Laleh Toor" contains 163 couplets in which the poet poured out his soul and feelings drop by drop. In most of these couplets, the poet was not concerned with observing the rhyme of the first stanza, and it seems that what was important for him was the expression of his thoughts, emotions, and feelings, not paying attention to the structure and texture of the poem. Although these couplets do not have any shortcomings in terms of poetic composition. The main theme of Iqbal's poem in "Laleh Toor" is the burning love that the poet has for the truth of the world or the source of the glory and beauty of existence. According to his belief, God is manifested in all elements that make up the universe. This gentle theme, which is taken from the divine word in the Holy Qur'an: "The east and the west belong to God, so wherever you turn, there is the face of God." (Baqarah/115), is clearly seen in most of the poems of this collection with beautiful interpretations.
Love also manifests itself first in the existence of man and then in the existence of the whole universe, including the sky and the earth, the sea and the forest, even in the smile of a flower, in a drop of dew, in the hadith of a candle and a butterfly, in the song of a bird in the grass and other creatures.
The title of this collection is made from two sacred words. Also, "Tulip" in Persian culture and literature has a special importance and sanctity and "due to its resemblance to a wine cup, in mystical poetry, it is a cup or a cup, and in general, it is a manifestation of a suffering and suffering heart, and especially The heart of a mystic is the seat of knowledge of the truth and is familiar with divine secrets, and it has penetrated and been present in Persian culture and literature to such an extent that dozens of interpretations, images, ironies and metaphors have found their way into cultures" (Yahghi, 1375: 374); And "Tur" is considered the manifestation of God in Islamic culture and vision. The fact that the poet gave such a title to this collection, itself tells about a narrow and delicate point that is also reflected in his poetry. This word, which appears more than 200 times in his other works along with its combinations (Rek: Naseh, 1370: 146), has significant repetition in this collection as well.
The tulip here is a code for the poet himself or any person who loves the truth. Laleh, who goes "with the heat of Jagartab", is in contrast to "Lal is wicked Badakhshan" (Iqbal Lahori, 1368: 193), which, although in terms of roots, are somewhat similar and can be said to be "between "Laleh" has a relationship with the adjective "lal" or "lal" -which indicates redness- and lal, a red precious stone" (Yahghi, 1375: 373), but lal and its most famous type is Badakhshan Lal. It is a sign of someone whose heart is free from the evil of love.
Laleh, who is the embodiment of love and affection, is even in opposition to "Sheikh Haram" and has no "Muslim, infidel, name, and measure" (Iqbal Lahori, 1368: 199); This is the style of Hafez's poetry, which "is free from whatever color belongs to it" (Hafez, 1379: 54). Iqbal considers himself to be the same as Laleh and is his twin and companion. What made this word interesting to him is its semantic capacity, which other poets have mentioned throughout the ages. Taking advantage of all its semantic capacities, Iqbal considers this word as a code for himself or for every free and honest person who is searching for the truth.
1.1. Detailed Research Method
The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, in which the couplets of "Laleh Toor" have been examined and studied based on Jacobsen's model of verbal communication, and the six functions of language in these couplets have been categorized and analyzed.
2. Discussion
Jacobsen is one of the greatest linguists and theorists of contemporary literary criticism and the founder of "Moscow Linguistic Circle" and "Prague School of Linguistics", whose theory of communication or communicative action in the field of communication and language is It is of particular importance. Although, in most of the linguistic theories by people such as Behler, Halidi, Martine, and Buller, efforts have been made to categorize language and its roles, each of them complementing each other (Safawi, 2013: 31), but with careful study, it seems that Jacobsen's theory has more coherence and generality.
Jacobsen inspired his model by combining the models proposed by "Karl Bühler" (1934) and "Claude Shannon" (1948) and developed it, the original design of which goes back to "Ferdinan de Saussure". Jacobsen three factors: subject, speaker and listener from Bohler's model; And integrated and organized three factors: message, communication channel (call) and code from Shannon's model in his proposed model (Sadeghi, 1389: 188 and 190). He considers these six elements that carry the message and meaning to determine the six roles of language and believes that the reliance of any verbal communication on one of these six factors creates a special role in the communication process. . These roles are: emotional, persuasive, referential, literary, symbolic and empathic.
It is difficult to find a verbal message that is designed in the form of only one of these roles and uses absolutely only one of the language roles. In fact, in most sentences two or more language roles are present at the same time and even in some cases it is difficult to separate the language roles from each other. Jacobsen emphasizes that the literary role of language is not only limited to poetry; What differentiates different messages from each other is the predominance of one of the functions of language over other roles (Meghdadi, 1378: 623). An element that is considered the focal part of every work of art and dominates the other parts of the work and determines and transforms them and implies the integrity of the structure.
3. Conclusion
According to the six functions of language from Jacobsen's point of view, regarding the couplets of Allama Iqbal Lahori's laleh Toor, can say that it is the special intimacy and sincerity of the poet in these poems that makes all the functions of language serve to express thoughts and tender feelings. Even the literary role, which is considered to be the dominant element in poetry, moves along with other roles, in fact. The poet's worldview, which originates from his enthusiasm, serves to express his emotions. Therefore, these poems are speaker-centered and of the type of lyrical politeness, in which the direction of the message is towards the sender or "I" of the poet. Since description plays an important role in lyrical literature, in these couplets the poet has described his condition, man and the world, and has expressed his thoughts and feelings regarding issues such as love, God and the universe. In fact, the sincerity and honesty of the poet in expressing his emotions and feelings has made his imagery and imagination to be both fresh and original, and to include intimacy with the reader, and this collection of poems is a "result of thought and "The tender feeling of the poet".
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