بررسی مؤلفه شعر درمانی و کاهش ناامیدی در پنج گنج نظامی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شعر به عنوان زبان حدیث نفس، زبان حال و نمایانگر حالات مختلف عاطفی انسان به شمار می رود. امروزه روان درمانگران سعی دارند، از شعر به عنوان مداخله گری در جهت بهبود، حل معضلات روحی و رفتاری انسان ها استفاده کنند. شعر شاعرانی مثل نظامی که احساس ها تخیّل ها و افکار متعالی اخلاقی و تعلیمی خود را با داستان های منظوم بیان کرده اند، انگیزه هایی نهفته است که می تواند به عنوان محرکی سودمند برای عبور از سختی ها و مقابله با ناامیدی باشد. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا با رو ش های توصیفی-تحلیلی، مبتنی بر مطالعات میان رشته ای؛ همچنین به صورت تجربی پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با دو گروه گواه و آزمایش به بررسی چگونگی تأثیرگذاری مجموعه شعرهای پنج گنج نظامی بر مخاطب بپردازد تا از این طریق روان درمانگران را به استفاده علمی و اصولی از شعرهای نظامی به عنوان یکی از مداخله های درمانیترغیب کند و به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که نظامی چه راهکارهایی را برای مواجهه و کاهش ناامیدی پیشنهاد می دهد؟ نتیجه نشان می دهد در مواردی که فرد بخاطر ناملایمات زندگی ناامید شده و تحمّل واقعیات تلخ زندگی را ندارد، خواندن برخی از شعرهای نظامی می تواند همچون دارویی عمل کندStudy the Component of Poetry Therapy and Reducing Despair in Nezami's Panj Ganj
Poetry is considered to be the language of the self, the language of the present, and represents the different emotional states of human beings. From this point of view, poetry is considered as an eyelet to the unconscious. For this reason, nowadays psychotherapists try to use poetry as an intervention to improve and solve mental and behavioral problems of humans. Because in the poetry of poets like Nezami, who have expressed their feelings, imaginations and sublime moral and didactic thoughts in the form of anecdotes and stories, there are motives hidden that can be a useful stimulus for Passing through difficulties and increasing the amount of human experience in dealing with disappointment. For this purpose, the present research aims to use descriptive-analytical methods, based on interdisciplinary studies; Also, experimentally, pre-test and post-test with two control and experimental groups, to investigate how the collection of Panj Ganj Nezami poems affects the audience, in order to guide psychotherapists to scientific and principled use of Nezami poems as one of the interventions. Encourage therapy (poetry therapy) and answer the question, what solutions does Nezami suggest to face and reduce disappointment? The findings of the research show that in cases where a person is disappointed due to the adversities of life and cannot bear the bitter realities of life, reading some military poems can act as a medicine and change his way of thinking to some extent and by creating an insinuation on To influence the structure of a person's life and worldview and reduce his sadness and give the audience hope for life.
Introduction
Poetry is considered to be an opening to the subconscious in terms of connection and connection with the mysterious and ambiguous world of the subconscious mind. In fact, in the form of poetry, the poet expresses his inner secrets in the most complex and beautiful way, in this way; he makes human feelings and emotions alive and awake. For this reason, poetry can provide the ground for connection with Persian language and literature is also a comprehensive mirror of the experiences of the tribes, people and intellectuals of the land of Iran in different periods of history, which has reached us in the form of poetry, prose, anecdotes, proverbs and stories. Based on this, each of them has a special history for themselves and informs about philosophy, lifestyle and methods of dealing with individual and collective problems. From this point of view, there is a huge source of psychotherapy teachings in the works of classical and contemporary poets and writers, which can be used as a stimulus to overcome difficulties and increase the amount of human experience in dealing with problems. One of these poets, Nezami Ganjovi, is a poet who has psychotherapy poured his feelings, imaginations and moral and educational thoughts in the form of eloquent words and eloquent phrases in order to increase the impact and attractiveness of his works. Therefore, the current research aims to conceptualize and localize the resources of psychotherapy and lead psychotherapists to use scientific and principled Iranian literary works as one of the interventions of psychotherapy (poetry therapy) to investigate the effect of Panj ganj Nezami has focused on the audience. For this purpose, the following questions will be answered in this research; 1- What solutions does Nezami suggest for dealing with disappointment and its complications? 2- Which characteristics of the five military treasures have caused their influence on despair? 3- How effective are his poems on despair?
Research method
The present research first theoretically examines Nezami's "Five Treasures" poems with a descriptive-analytical method based on interdisciplinary studies; then, experimental method (pre-test and post-test) and Beck's frustration questionnaire were used to obtain accurate statistics. The working method is as follows: first; 42 students of different undergraduate courses were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 21 people, control and experimental. Beck's frustration questionnaire was used to measure the frustration of both groups (pre-test). Then, in order to show the effectiveness of poetry with the experimental group, each of the works of Panj ganj Nezami collection was examined as a therapeutic intervention during 6 sessions; each session was one week apart. Thus, a week ago, a book from the “Five Military Treasures” collection was introduced. During one week, they had the opportunity to read parts of the book of their choice. In the meetings, there was a discussion about the relationship between the poem and the soul, despair, and what effect the poem had on their psyche, whether they were able to identify with the poet's words. But no intervention was used for the control group. At the end, the frustration questionnaire was used again for both groups (post-test).
Discussion
Emotions are always present in life. "Sometimes they are calm and sleepy and like waves, they don't create any foam, flood or flood, but sometimes in response to the new conditions of life, they overflow and become completely exhausting and unbridled that if become severe, painful and will lead to serious injuries" (Dorzan, 219-217: 2018). In between, there are also a group of emotions that are related to "our passion for a value. Emotions such as; the desire and hope that shows a person's desire for something valuable" (Ibid. 225). Hope; in the dictionary, it means "wanting something or someone, wishing and also expecting" (Dehkhoda; 1998: Dictionary). In psychotherapy books, hope is considered a gift that "makes human life livable, even when everything seems difficult and impossible. This is the hope that allows man to endure and stand against fate" (Yalum, 2011:45). Man has lofty goals in life and tries his best to achieve them, but "sometimes he faces obstacles on the way to achieving these goals and because of this, he gets disappointed in life and feels disillusioned, fatigue and dissatisfaction with life. For such a person, the world loses its charm and everything becomes empty, cold and soulless. As a result, he becomes a depressed, nervous and anxious person who is no longer very eager to try again; because he is afraid of failure again" (Dorzan, 2017: 143). When faced with misfortunes, these people need to regain the courage and enthusiasm to move forward. According to Yalom, an existential psychotherapist, giving hope to such hopeless people is "the minimum goal of a successful treatment" (Yalom, 2010: 73). Now Nezami offers different solutions to such people to face disappointment. In his opinion, "there are days that smile on a person's face from the very beginning and are in agreement with his nature, but sometimes he falls out with him" (Thervat, 1991: 88), so the basic issue in difficult days is that You should not be afraid of difficulties and stop trying; Also, "one should not see the solution as an eternal closure and realize that many bitternesses are useful. Therefore, it is better for a person to hope with every breath he takes" (Thervat, 1991:88). For example, in Makhzan al-Asrar, by bringing the story of "the king despaired and found his forgiveness"; It reminds us that hope is always a guide even in the worst situations. Or in the allegorical fable of "Good and Evil" which in a way narrates the conflict between the human psyche and the reality of human life today.
Conclusion
study Panj Gang's poems with the approach of poetry therapy and using them in psychotherapy sessions and analyzing the average scores of the subjects of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test based on the T-test showed that the scores of despairs in the experimental group, which in the pre-test They scored high in hopelessness, but at another point in time, using military poems as an intervention, their hopelessness scores decreased. As a result, we can say; Nezami, as a psychotherapist, on the one hand, with poetic language and the use of the power of imagination, visualizing and verbalizing emotions, on the other hand, with the diversity of his poetic stories in the "Panj ganj" collection, has been able to teach through indirect teaching , to create more emotional and moral conflict for readers' identification so that they can learn from life by mentally simulating their situation with poetry and live in a purposeful and creative way. In fact, Nezami in his collection of Panj ganj poems, by taking help from the mental history of the audience and relying on acceptable concepts, makes the patient feel more intimacy and closeness with his poems, and thus the content is better and faster. And be absorbed and recorded more deeply by the listener. Nezami suggests patience, cheerfulness, lack of attachment to the world, etc. as ways to deal with disappointment. Therefore, by prescribing some of his poems, it is possible to console the soul of a hopeless person in the face of despair and strengthen his hope for life.
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