Ethical climate

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived social responsibility on employees' affective commitment and green behaviors with the moderating role of ethical climate. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of this study is all employees of health care centers including health centers, emergency and hospitals (public and private) in Tabriz. The sample size was determined based on the Cochran's formula 385. The sampling method was random due to the infinity of the statistical population. A questionnaire was used to collect data and structural equation method with SPSS and SMART PLS software was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that the relationships between perceived social responsibility and employees 'green behavior (b = 0.318) and affective commitment (b = 0.494) as well as the relationship between employees' affective commitment and green behavior (b = 0.218) were positive and significant. Was. The moderating role of the moral climate variable was also confirmed in this model (b = 0.227). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that perceived social responsibility along with the ethical climate of the organization creates an affective commitment in employees towards the organization that this high affective commitment also leads to green behaviors in employees. Article number: 10

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Introduction: Most learning happens through formal education in schools, and effective school systems require a correct combination of educational resources and facilities, the moral orientation of the school atmosphere, and the characteristics of students. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical climate and the sense of belonging to school and academic success with regard to the mediating role of students' academic hardiness. Material and Methods: The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of 527 students of the fifth grade of literature in Karbala city (Iraq), 334 of them were selected using the Cochran formula by random cluster sampling. To collect data, four standard questionnaires were used: ethical climate, school belongingness skills, academic hardiness and academic success. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and path analysis in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software. Results: The results showed that the moral components have a direct and positive relationship with the sense of belonging to the school. The results also showed that ethical climate has a positive and significant relationship with academic success. Also, the mediating role of academic hardiness has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between ethical climate and the sense of belonging to the school and the academic success of students. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, any improvement in the ethical climate of the school can be associated with the improvement of the sense of belonging in the school and academic progress.