بررسی اثرات کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت انتشار دی اکسید کربن، مصرف انرژی تجدیدپذیر و رشد اقتصادی بر مخارج درمانی در کشورهای عضو اپک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هر ساله مخارج درمانی، سهم بسیاری از بودجه دولتها را به خود اختصاص می دهد و مدیریت این مخارج بسیار مهم است. در سالهای اخیر بهره برداری از انرژی های تجدیدپذیر در اکثر کشورها افزایش یافته، مصرف انرژی تجدیدپذیر و بهره مندی از رشد اقتصادی می تواند بر انتشار دی اکسیدکربن و در نهایت مخارج درمانی موثر باشد. این مطالعه اثر مصرف انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، انتشار کربن و رشد اقتصادی را روی مخارج درمانی کشورهای نفتی عضو اپک که به دلیل بهره برداری از مخارن نفتی از آلودگی های زیست محیطی بالایی برخوردار هستند، طی سالهای 1379 تا 1401 با استفاده از روش داده های تابلویی پویا بررسی می کند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می دهد که انتشار دی اکسید کربن و رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای نفتی عضو اپک، در کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت منجر به افزایش مخارج درمانی شده و افزایش به کارگیری و مصرف انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، مخارج درمانی را کاهش داده است. لذا به نظر می رسد کشورهای عضو اپک جهت کاهش مخارج درمانی، باید به دنبال دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی سبز، هم سو با کاهش انتشار دی اکسیدکربن و افزایش مصرف انرژی تجدیدپذیر باشند. به طوری که پیشنهاد می شود، کشورهای عضو اپک، مخارج حاصل از فروش درآمدهای نفتی را صرف توسعه استفاده از انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، در راستای کاهش انتشار دی اکسیدکربن و افزایش رشد اقتصادی نمایند.Survey Short run and Long run Effects of Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Medical Expenditure in OPEC Countries
Inroduction: In OPEC countries, about 70 percent of energy consumption comes from fossil and non-renewable energies. In these countries, very extensive studies have been conducted and are being conducted for the transition from renewable energy consumption to renewable energy, and climate change has also fueled the expansion of these studies. However, there are few studies to investigate the relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and treatment expenditures in OPEC oil countries separately in the short and long term, which the purpose of this study is to investigate this issue. The main question of the present study is whether there is a short-term and long-term relationship between the variables studied in the present study in the OPEC oil countries. Therefore, in this study, using the dynamic panel data method for the period 2000 to 2022, the effect of variables on the treatment expenditures of OPEC member countries is investigated, and the results of this study will be very useful for policymakers in the public health sector and can be useful in the management of health expenditures of governments. Method: This paper uses data from 2000 to 2022 for OPEC member countries and uses the model presented in paper of Slatia et al. (2024). The statistics of the variables of medical expenditure, carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, and renewable energy consumption have been used in this study, and the statistics of these variables have been extracted from the World Bank. The countries selected in this study are relatively similar in terms of structure, income level, and economic structure. The mathematical model is as follows: 〖HEXP〗_it=f(〖CO2〗_it.〖EG〗_it.〖RE〗_it) t represents time and i represents countries. HEXP is per capita medical expenditures, CO2 is per capita CO2 emissions, EG is GDP growth per capita, RE per capita renewable energy consumption. In order to reduce the variance heterogeneity, the variables are considered logarithmic. 〖LHEXP〗_it=α_0+α_1 〖LCO2〗_it+α_2 L〖EG〗_it+α_3 〖LRE〗_it+α_4 L〖HEXP〗_(it-1) α_1 , α_2 and α_3are shortrun variables and Panel GMM is used for estimation. Results: The most effective factor in changing the medical expenses of OPEC member countries has been the medical expenses of the past period, so that with an increase of one percent in the medical expenses of the previous period, the medical expenses of this period increase by 0.59 percent. If carbon dioxide emissions increase by 1 percent in the short term, treatment expenditures will increase by 0.51 percent, and if renewable energy consumption increases by 1 percent, treatment expenditures will decrease by 0.12 percent in the short term. If economic growth increases by 1 percent, health expenditures will increase by 0.38 percent in the short term.
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