نقد و ارزیابی برگردان رمان یومیات مطلقة از هیفاء بیطار در پرتو راهبردهای ترجمه عناصر ترجمه ناپذیر فرهنگی مالکوم هاروی 2000 میلادی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نقد و ارزیابی ترجمه متون به ویژه متون ادبی و ارائه برگردان مناسب از مفاهیم و عناصر مختلف موجود در زبان مقصد همواره مورد توجه بوده است. یکی از موضوعات حوزه ترجمه، موضوع ترجمه ناپذیری عناصر فرهنگی است. مالکوم هاروی یکی از کسانی است که در این حوزه صاحب نظر است. وی برای ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی، روش هایی نظیر معادل کارکردی، معادل زبانی، وام گیری و معادل توصیفی- توضیحی را پیشنهاد داده است. در این جستار و با تکیه بر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، برگردان سید مهدی حسینی نژاد از رمان یومیات مطلقه اثر هیفاء بیطار بر اساس راهکارهای ترجمه عناصر ترجمه ناپذیر فرهنگی مالکوم هاروی و میزان مطابقت ترجمه مترجم با رویکرد مزبور مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته است. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مترجم علاوه بر حفظ و رعایت ظرافت ها و اصول زبانی و فرهنگی و نیز پایبندی به سنت ها و آداب و رسوم مربوط به ساختار زبان فارسی، تلاش و کوشش خود را در جهت عبور از ترجمه ناپذیری عناصر فرهنگی و زبانی و منطبق ساختن برگردان خود با مؤلفه های تعیین شده از سوی هاروی به کار گرفته است، هر چند که در برخی موارد می توانست علمکرد بهتری نیز داشته باشد که در خلال نمونه ها به آن اشاره شده است.Criticism and Evaluation of the Translation of the Novel Yumiyat Motalaga by Haifa Bitar in the Light of Malcolm Harvey's 2000 Translation Strategies of Untranslatable Cultural Elements
The critique and assessment of text translations, particularly literary works, and the provision of suitable translations for diverse concepts and aspects in the target language have consistently garnered interest. A significant topic in translation studies is the untranslatability of cultural features. Malcolm Harvey is an authority in this domain. He has suggested strategies including functional equivalent, linguistic equivalent, borrowing, and descriptive-explanatory equivalent for the translation of cultural aspects. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the translation by Seyyed Mahdi Hosseini Nejad of Haifa Bitar's novel "Yumiyat Motalaga," assessing it according to Malcolm Harvey's strategies for translating untranslatable cultural elements and the extent to which the translation adheres to this framework. The study's results show that the translator has tried to keep linguistic and cultural nuances and rules, as well as the traditions and customs that go along with the structure of the Persian language. He has also tried to deal with cultural and linguistic elements that can't be translated and make his translation match the parts that Harvey pointed out, though there are times when it could have been better, as shown in the examples.IntroductionCurrently, translators encounter numerous hurdles and issues in translating cultural notions and aspects between the source and destination languages. The array of methodologies offered by translation theorists has paved the way for translators and those engaged in the profession, equipping them with solutions to navigate the hurdles of translating culturally untranslatable materials. Malcolm Harvey is a prominent theorist in the domain of untranslatability. Theorists such as Newmark (1988), Harvey (2000), and Godler (2000) have offered strategies for the translation of cultural notions. Harvey has given four ways for translating culturally untranslatable elements, which are also relevant to linguistically untranslatable elements. The four strategies are: 1. Role-comparable (functional). 2. Formal linguistic equivalence 3. Loan Acquisition 4. Explanatory-descriptive (Harvey, 2000, pp. 1-9). Harvey's proposed strategies to address the issue of the untranslatability of cultural aspects align with certain methods from Peter Newmark. Localization, borrowing, compensation, acceptable translation, temporary translation, substitution, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, synonym, reduction and expansion, rewriting, content analysis, notes, annotations, additions and explanations, and the combined method are some of the ways that Newmark suggests that cultural elements can be translated. This study employs Harvey's (2000) four-fold classification. Harvey's theory is more constrained than Peter Newmark's thesis and encompasses fewer methodologies. The models proposed by Newmark exhibit overlap, and simpler, more realistic strategies may be more effective. Harvey's thesis represents one of the most contemporary frameworks in the domain of cultural element translation, favored by translators for its extensive applicability. This study intends to present Harvey as a successor to Newmark's methodology and to implement and assess his theory on a text translated from Arabic. The rationale for employing Harvey's theory instead of Newmark's 17 ways is because the translator's rendition of the novel aligned more closely with Harvey's four methods.The novel "Yumiyat Motalaga" was translated by Ruhallah Rahimi and Seyyed Mahdi Hosseini Nejad. This article critiques and evaluates the translation by Seyyed Mahdi Hosseini Nejad of the novel "Absolute Diaries," selected randomly due to the presence of Harvey's four-fold equivalence, utilizing Malcolm Harvey's theory to uncover the nuanced meanings embedded in words, phrases, and idioms. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that the functional or functional equivalent component has been given more examples in the translator's version, resulting in a difference in the number of examples analyzed compared to the other components (linguistic equivalent and borrowing). Rahimi's translation may likewise be subject to discussion and analysis based on the aforementioned notion.Independent study has been undertaken in the realm of translatability and untranslatability of numerous texts, with several studies referenced herein:_ The article titled “The Untranslatability of Cultural Elements in Audiovisual Texts: A Case Study of French Subtitles of the Iranian TV Series In the Eye of the Wind,” authored by Hejazi and Shirin (2019) and published in the Journal of Language and Translation Studies, investigates the Iranian TV series In the Eye of the Wind through the lens of Polish theorists' cultural morphology and analyzes the translator's strategies for conveying cultural concepts. The discussion's findings reveal that the translation of "small cultural elements" and the nuanced allusions within a text do not operate as a closed system. Instead, they make it easier for the message to be reproduced in the target text by giving up some semantic, discursive, or stylistic values from the source language. This promotes "intercultural understanding" through the processes of open translation modification._ The article titled “Translating Cultural Elements in the Arabic Translation of 'The School Principal' by Jalal Al-Ahmad” The study, "Based on the Harvey Model (2003)" by Keshavarz (1400), published in the journal Shahriar Studies, examines the techniques employed by Adel Abdul-Moneim Ali, the translator of Jalal Al-Ahmad's novel "The School Principal," in the Arabic translation of cultural themes according to the Harvey model. According to the research, the translator mostly used the functional equivalent method. They also used the descriptive equivalent and borrowing methods, but not as much. The translator predominantly employed the functional equivalent method owing to his inclination to localize the source text.The article titled “An Investigation into the Arabic Translation of the Cultural Components of the Novel ‘The Buyer of Love’ Based on Newmark’s Theory,” authored by Salimi et al. (1400), published in the journal Translation Studies in Arabic Language and Literature, reveals that the translator primarily aimed to convey meaning, neglecting the author's emotional nuances. Consequently, the literal translation of phrases often resulted in ambiguity, and in several instances, the meanings of terms or allusions were misinterpreted, or unsuitable equivalents were selected for translation. Among Newmark's cultural components, cultural goods and products, proverbs, and ecology are the most prevalent in the novel "The Buyer of Love."The article titled “Approaches to Avoiding the Untranslatability of the Novel Al-Nadzareh Al-Sawdaa by Ihsan Abdul Quddus,” authored by Khafaja Karimoui et al. (1402), published in the Journal of Translation Research in Arabic Language and Literature, analyzes the translatability or untranslatability of the words and sentences in the novel Al-Nadzareh Al-Sawdaa by Ihsan Abdul Quddus. The research shows that there are many things that can't be translated into English, both in terms of language and culture. This means that the translator has to use words and sentences in a way that is true to the source language (Persian) and easy for the audience to understand. Consequently, the translator has predominantly employed the "role equivalent" method to render untranslatable material.This research differs from the article “Approaches to Avoiding the Untranslatability of the Novel Al-Nadzareh Al-Sawdaa by Ihsan Abdul Quddus” in that the work remains untranslated, and the writers have just analyzed their literal and recommended translations. The distinction between the current research and the article “Translating Cultural Elements in the Arabic Translation of Jalal Al-Ahmad’s ‘The Headmaster’ Based on Harvey’s Model (2003)” is that the former investigates the Arabic translation of the Persian text of The Headmaster. Consequently, no research to date has scrutinized or evaluated the Persian translation of an Arabic novel, particularly the work "Absolute Diaries," utilizing Malcolm Harvey's methodologies, which represent a revolutionary approach in their own right.Research MethodologyThis study employs a descriptive-analytical strategy to evaluate and analyze the chosen topic. Furthermore, the study collects data using both complete and incomplete inductive methods. An imperfect inductive method was used to collect samples for this study. A selection of samples based on each of Harvey's components were then looked at, which showed what traits each component had in common.ConclusionsNewmark and Harvey's theories are largely analogous, with the primary distinction being that Harvey briefly outlined four methods for translating untranslatable cultural elements, whereas Newmark proposed nearly 17 methods, most of which are closely related. The translator has endeavored to maintain and respect the linguistic and cultural nuances and principles while also conforming to the traditions and conventions of Persian language structure. Furthermore, he has sought to address the untranslatability of cultural and linguistic elements and align his translation with the components identified by Harvey, although there are es where his performance could have been improved, as noted in the examples. Moreover, among Harvey's translation strategies, the functional or role equivalence method is the most frequently employed, likely attributable to the translator's distinctive approach and style, along with his awareness and preference for the role equivalence technique in rendering words and phrases. In the section on role or functional equivalence, it should be stated that the translator, utilizing the linguistic and cultural attributes of the target language while considering the elements and structure of the Persian language, has employed the appropriate role equivalents for each word and sentence, achieving success in this endeavor.The translator has achieved moderate success in the borrowing and formal equivalence section by translating selected examples and addressing the untranslatability of cultural elements through this method. However, in certain instances, greater success could have been attained with more comprehensive explanations of the terms used. In the segment concerning the identification of explanatory-descriptive equivalents, the translator has effectively employed this technique in the translation of the pertinent examples. By offering explanations and descriptions for words and phrases, he has satisfactorily fulfilled his responsibilities in the translation process.
تبلیغات
