ساخت اطلاع زبان و بازنمایی معنایی آن بر اساس نظری لمبرکت؛ بررسی ترجمه اسلوب حال در سوره بقره (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ساخت اطلاعی زبان یکی از مباحث بنیادین زبان شناسی نوین به شمار می آید که به تحلیل رابطه بین ساختار جملات و بافت های زبانی یا فرازبانی که این جملات در آن ها به کار می روند، می پردازد. در این حوزه، پژوهش ها به بررسی حالات ذهنی گوینده و شنونده، ساختار اطلاعاتی و جنبه های ارتباطی زبان می پردازند. مفاهیمی نظیر ساخت بی نشان ونشان دار از جمله موضوعات محوری این حوزه اند که هرکدام از این ساخت ها نقش ویژه ای در انتقال معنا ایفا می کنند؛ اهمیت این موضوع در متون دینی به ویژه قرآن کریم دوچندان می شود، چراکه قرآن کریم از ساختارهای زبانی پیچیده ای بهره می برد و هرگونه تغییر در ترتیب عناصر یا عدول از الگوهای معمول، حامل معانی پنهان و ظرایفی است که بازنمایی آن ها در زبان مقصد مستلزم دانش عمیق زبانی و شناخت دقیق ساخت اطلاعی است. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با تحلیل نمونه های استخراج شده از ترجمه فولادوند از قرآن کریم صورت گرفت. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می دهد که اسلوب حال در قرآن کریم از ساختارهای گوناگون نشان دار و بی نشان برخوردار است که متناسب اهداف خاصی به کار رفته اند. با این حال مترجم در بسیاری از موارد از انعکاس دقیق این ساختارها بازمانده و تفاوت های معنایی ساخت اطلاعی را به طور دقیق منعکس نکرده است. بررسی ترجمه های موجود نشان داده است که استفاده از نظریه های زبان شناسی نوین، همچون نظریه ساخت اطلاعی لمبرکت می تواند ابزاری مؤثر در تحلیل و بازتولید دقیق تر مفاهیم قرآنی در زبان مقصد باشد و افق های جدیدی را پیش روی مطالعات ترجمه متون دینی بگشاید.Information Structure of Language and Its Semantic Representation Based on Lambercht’s Theory; A Study of the Translation of the Crisumstantail Clause in Surah Al-Baqarah
In contemporary linguistics, the structure of information in language is considered an important topic. It scrutinizes the relationship between sentence structures and the language or extralinguistic contexts in which they function. This domain of research examines the cognitive states of both the speaker and listener, the organization of information, and the communication features of language. Marked and unmarked structures are fundamental concepts in this field, each serving a distinct function in meaning transmission. Religious writings, especially the Qur'an, which employs intricate linguistic frameworks, accentuate the importance of this subject. Any change in the order of elements or departure from established norms can reveal hidden meanings and nuances. To properly represent this in the target language, one needs to have a deep understanding of language and information structure. This study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach to examine instances derived from Fouladvand's translation of the Qur'an. The research findings reveal that the ḥāl (circumstantial clause) structure in the Qur'an has diverse marked and unmarked forms, each fulfilling distinct functions. Nevertheless, the translator has frequently failed to effectively convey these structures and associated informational disparities in meaning. An examination of current translations indicates that utilizing contemporary linguistic theories, such as Lambrecht's information structure theory, can effectively analyze and more properly convey Qur'anic principles in the target tongue. This methodology expands opportunities for the examination of translating religious literature.IntroductionThe informational structure of language is a significant topic in contemporary linguistics, garnering the interest of numerous critics and academics. This discussion encompasses focalization, topicalization, theme, and rheme, as well as unmarked and marked structures. The examination of informational structure originates from the linguistic research conducted by the Prague School. Linguists such as Halliday (1981), Givón (1984), Vallduví (1990), and Lambrecht (1994) have focused on informational structure, each offering distinct meanings. A general definition can be articulated as follows: The informative structure analyzes the correlation between phrase constructions and the language or extralinguistic settings in which these sentences are employed (Behmardi Sharifabadi, 2021: 20).In the domain of informational structure, issues arise about the cognitive states of both the speaker and the listener, partly due to language grammar and analysis at this level. In this field, linguists examine informational structures and the communicative dimensions of language (Lambrecht, 1996: 1). Informational structure influences all significant levels of the grammatical system of language (Lambrecht, 1996: 6). Understanding the meaning of a text requires more than just knowing the rules of grammar. It also requires being aware of how the informational structure of sentences is derived from the way grammar is organized in the language and looking at the functional meanings of sentences in both linguistic and nonlinguistic contexts (Akbarizadeh et al., 2019: 154).This study aims to address the following questions:What are the consequences of the ḥāl construction in syntax and its representation in the Quranic translations of Surah Al-Baqarah according to Lambrecht's theory of informative structure?In what manner have Quranic translators addressed the informative structure in the translation of the ḥāl construction?What is the function of the ḥāl construction in the process of meaning-making and the establishment of diverse semantic layers?Literature ReviewIn his 2008 work called "The Role of Informational Structure from Functional and Psychological Perspectives in Translation," Shokoohi looks at the linguistic and discursive factors that affect the informational structure of a text, such as thematic information, topicalization, contrastive focus, and passive voice, and what these factors mean for translation. He underscores that maintaining the components and rhetorical techniques of the source text is a fundamental obligation of the translator. Rassekh-Mahand (2008), in “The Role of Informational Structure in Translation,” examines the parallels and variations in the informative structure of sentences in English and Persian, as well as the transmission of these patterns through translation.Arsalan Golfam and his colleagues wrote an article in 2010 called “A Study of Semantic Changes and Informational Structure of Marked Constructions in the Translation Process from English to Persian.” In it, they look into how the translation process changes the semantic and informational structures of marked constructions, such as equational, inverted, and pre-posed structures. Employing Halliday's systemic functional grammar and its three metafunctions, they examine chosen instances from ten English-to-Persian translated works.Kazemi (2020), in his essay “A Study of Informational Structure (Clitic Left Dislocation) in Persian Translations of the Holy Quran,” analyzes the influence of clitic left dislocation on sentence informational structure and the alterations it experiences throughout the translation process. He also discusses translation options employed to convey this structure in the Quran. The results of this investigation indicate that substantial changes arise when translating the distinctive structure of clitic left dislocation. Although Persian possesses a flexible word order, it encounters constraints in expressing the semantic nuances of clitic left dislocation.In his 2011 paper “Informational Structure and Its Translation in the Quran,” Jahromi examines the informative structure of Arabic nominal beginning constructions and their translations into Persian and English, with an emphasis on Quranic verses. He observes that Persian, owing to its more flexible word order relative to English, provides greater grammatical alternatives for enhanced information dissemination. This research is among the limited studies undertaken on the translation of the informational structure in the Quran. Nonetheless, none of this research has explicitly examined the translation of the "ḥāl" structure, a syntactic style that is among the most commonly employed in Arabic grammar and the Quran. Nevertheless, investigations into the "ḥāl" structure have been conducted, as illustrated below:In his thesis, Arjangian (2011) analyzed the informational structure in Quran translations. His findings suggest that in certain passages, it is impractical to maintain the shape of the designated Arabic structure in Persian translation. Translators have endeavored to integrate the emphatic significance in the Persian translation, observing that neglecting the marked nature of the structure results in very slight detriment to the text. In his dissertation, Karimiān (2016) examined the ḥāl structure in sentences and semi-sentences inside the Quran, investigating its attributes, relationships, and rhetorical roles.The ḥāl structure is among the most commonly employed structures in Arabic and the Quran. Notwithstanding its significance, none of the previously mentioned research has examined the translation of the ḥāl structure or the conveyance of its semantic dimensions in Quranic translations. This study intends to analyze the translations of this grammatical pattern in the Quran via the lens of the informational structure approach. Surah Al-Baqarah has been used as a case study for this purpose.Research MethodologyThis study analyzes the translations of the ḥāl structure in Surah Al-Baqarah through the lens of Lambrecht's theory of informational structure, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology. The findings also suggest a potential translation for this structure.ConclusionThis study analyzes the informational structure of the ḥāl construction in Surah Al-Baqarah as translated by Fouladvand, leading to the following conclusions:The translator has inadequately addressed the translation of the ḥāl construction in several verses, notably verses 8, 25, 85, and 92 of Surah Al-Baqarah, where the structure is indicated. In these instances, the ḥāl has been rendered as unmarked, resulting in a modification of the implicit meaning of the verses and a divergence from the speaker's original intent.We observe inconsistencies in the translations of similar constructions. The translations of verses 8 and 22 of Surah Al-Baqarah exhibit a like pattern; yet, the translator has interpreted them distinctly. This contradiction indicates that the translator has, at times, insufficiently considered the linguistic and extralinguistic elements or the semantic connections of the source text.Despite Fouladvand's attempts to deliver a fluent and accurate translation, insufficient consideration of the informational structure of the ḥāl construction has led to an inability to adequately express the semantic nuances of the original text.The results demonstrate that a comprehensive grasp of informational structure and its implementation in translation is crucial for accurately transmitting meaning in religious texts. This study underscores the necessity of acquainting translators of religious writings with contemporary linguistic theories to get translations that are more accurate and aligned with the original text's intended meaning.
تبلیغات
