بررسی دوگان ساخت ها در نفثة المصدور زیدری نسوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نفثه المصدور، کهن غمنامه ای تاریخی و منثور از قرن هفتم هجری، هم زمان با دوران یورش تاتار است.این اثر به دلیل مهارت زیدری نسوی (وفات 647 ه.ق) در نویسندگی و تسلط او بر زبان عربی، به آرایه های ادبی بسیاری آراسته شده است، همچنین جنبه های هنری و تصویرگونگی بسیاری را نیز به نمایش می گذارد. در این پژوهش، دوگان ساخت ها (جفت واژه هایی که اغلب با افزودن الف میانجی، کسره، واو عطف یا حروف اضافه ای مانند بر، تا، عن، علی، از، به و... به هم پیوند خورده یا در پی یکدیگر آمده اند) در چهارگروه تکرار، تضاد، ترادف و اتباع غیرمهمل (پی آیند دوسویه) بررسی شده اند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی کارکرد این دوگان ساخت ها در بافت متن براساس روابط همنشینی و جانشینی است. نتایج نشان می دهد که از 221 مورد یافت شده (با فراوانی 249) در نفثه المصدور، 29.72 درصد از دوگان ساخت ها به گروه تکرار، 22.08 درصد به گروه تضادها، 28.92 درصد به تراد ف ها و 19.28 درصد به پی آیندهای دوسویه تعلق دارند. همچنین، به تأثیر نام آواها / اسامی صوت در جلوه های صوتی و سایر دوگان ساخت ها در برخی صحنه های توصیف شده در جلوه های تصویری نفثه المصدور اشاره شده است. داده های پژوهش از منابع کتابخانه ای گردآوری شده و براساس تصحیح دکتر امیرحسن یزدگردی به روش تحلیل آماری بررسی شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهد که زیدری نسوی به صورت آگاهانه و هدفمند از دوگان ساخت ها بهره برده است تا با ایجاد تصویرسازی های قوی تر، تأکید بر مفاهیم، جلب توجه خواننده و برانگیختن عواطف و حس همدلی، اثرگذاری نوشته خود را افزایش دهد و مهارت نویسندگی اش را به نمایش بگذارد. ازاین رو، می توان دوگان ساخت ها را هم به عنوان عناصر زیبایی شناختی از دیدگاه بلاغی و هم به عنوان یک مؤلفه سبکی و الهام بخش نویسندگان معاصر در نظر گرفت و از ظرفیت های هنری این اثر برای معرفی متون کهن ایران به جهان بهره جست.Investigation of Dual Constructions in Zeidari's Nafthat al-Masdur
Nafthat al-Masdur, a prose historical tragedy from the 7th AH century, coincides with the Mongol invasion and is rich in figures of speech, showcasing Zeidari's skillful writing and mastery of the Arabic language. This work is remarkable not only for its artistic qualities, but also for its visual impact. This research investigated the function of dual constructions within the context of syntagmatic and associative relations. Out of 221 identified cases (with a total frequency of 249) in Nafthat al-Masdur, 29.72% belonged to the repetition group, 22.08% to antonyms, 28.92% to synonyms, and 19.28% to meaningful collocations. Additionally, the influence of onomatopoeia on sound effects and other dual constructions was noted in various scenes described throughout the text. Data for this study were collected from library sources and analyzed using statistical methods based on the edition done by Dr. Amirhassan Yazdgerdi.
The findings indicated that the use of dual constructions was intentional, enhancing the text's impact on readers and demonstrating Zeidari's mastery of writing. Consequently, these constructions could be regarded not only as aesthetic elements, but also as significant stylistic components, offering artistic potential for introducing Old Persian prose to a broader audience.
Keywords: Nafthat al-Masdur, Dual Construction, Repetition, Antonym, Binomial Pair (Bidirectional Collocation), Sound and Visual Effects.
Introduction
Nafthat al-Masdur is a Persian book rich in Arabic expressions authored by Zeidari, the secretary of King Jalal al-Din Kharazmshah. This work vividly recounts the hardships he has endured during the Mongol invasion. The prose exemplifies the technical and artificial style characteristic of the 7th century AH. This research focused on the dual constructions within the text—pairs of words that were often linked through medial additions, such as the Kasre-ye Ezafe, conjunctions like "and" or prepositions, such as "on", "to", and "from". These constructions were categorized into 4 groups: repetition, antonym, synonymy, and binomial pair (bidirectional collocation). The study aimed to analyze their functions in the text through the lens of syntagmatic and associative relations.
Materials & Methods
This study employed a statistical analysis to examine the use of dual constructions in Zeidari's Nafthat al-Masdur. The objective was to elucidate the role of these constructions as a stylistic element in his innovative approach to Iranian historical prose. Based on the statistical analysis presented in Chart 1, the function of dual constructions was analyzed in terms of syntagmatic and associative relations. Out of a total of 221 instances (249 occurrences) identified in Nafthat al-Masdur, the findings revealed that 29.72% belonged to the repetition group, 22.08% to antonyms, 28.92% to synonyms, and 19.28% to meaningful collocations.
Research Findings
The analysis of Nafthat al-Masdur revealed a significant application of dual constructions, which enhanced both the aesthetic and stylistic qualities of the text. Out of a total of 221 instances (249 occurrences), the distribution of these constructions was as follows: repetition (29.72%), antonyms (22.08%), synonyms (28.92%), and meaningful collocations (19.28%). These findings indicated that dual constructions served various functions within the narrative. The prevalence of repetition underscored a thematic emphasis, while antonyms highlighted the tensions inherent in the text, particularly in the context of the Mongol invasion. Synonyms enriched the prose by adding layers of meaning and meaningful collocations created a more vivid and engaging reading experience.
Moreover, the results demonstrated that the use of dual constructions was intentional and strategic, reflecting Zeidari's mastery of language. The presence of onomatopoeia within these repetitions further enhanced the auditory experience, contributing to the overall immersive quality of the narrative.
In summary, the findings suggested that dual constructions were not merely decorative; they played a crucial role in conveying the emotional depth and historical context of Nafthat al-Masdur. This research highlighted the artistic capacities of the text, emphasizing its potential for introducing Old Persian prose to a broader audience.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
Analyzing literary works through various approaches can significantly enhance our understanding of texts. One effective method is to examine the authors’ stylistic choices, including the selection and frequency of words, terms, and phrases in their writings. Among the most crucial morphological features to consider are vocabulary and word formation processes, such as dual constructions.
Based on the results obtained, several key characteristics of dual constructions could be identified:
Common/Opposite Meaning: Two words in a dual construction typically shared a close or contrasting meaning, drawing attention to their broader conceptual implications.
Syntactic Structure: Syntactically, dual constructions manifested as sequential pairs or conjunctive phrases, often appearing together within sentences.
Linguistic Aesthetics: These constructions provided a rhetorical effect, enhancing the ability to evoke feelings, beliefs, and imagery in the audience more effectively.
4. Creating Emphasis, Imagery, and Sound Effects: Nafthat al-Masdur was enriched with numerous literary techniques, showcasing Zeidari's skill and mastery of the Arabic language while vividly depicting his experiences and the broader context during the Mongol invasion of Iran in the 7th century AH. The text exhibited significant artistic qualities and cinematic effects, with dual constructions playing a vital role in their emergence. Additionally, the use of onomatopoeia within the repetition subgroup contributed effectively to sound effects, enhancing the visual impact of certain scenes in Nafthat al-Masdur. This research highlighted the deliberate use of dual constructions not only as stylistic elements, but also as aesthetic devices that served to illustrate and engage the reader. By capturing attention and evoking emotions and empathy, these constructions helped position Nafthat al-Masdur as a remarkable work of ancient prose that intertwined history, literature, and art. Its artistic potential offered inspiration for contemporary writers and could be instrumental in introducing Old Persian prose to a wider audience.
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