دراسة الصورة الشعرية في ملحمة الإمام علي (ع) لجورج شكور (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
إنّ الصوره هی أحد العناصر الأساسیه للشعر. کما قال المنطقیون فی تعریف الشعر: الشعر کلام خیالی. إن ملحمه الإمام علی (8) للشاعر المسیحی المعاصر، جورج شکور، قد نُظِمت فی 422 بیتاً. ففی هذا العمل الأدبی، قام الشاعر برسم مشاهد معارک الأبطال وصراعاتهم بشکل جمیل وملحمی وخیالی. وبما أنه لم یتم إجراء بحث مستقل على صور هذه القصیده الملحمیه، فمن المهم والضروری إلقاء الضوء على صور هذه القصیده بهدف إظهار جمالیه صورها. وقد جرت فی هذا المقال محاوله لدراسه وتحلیل أهم عناصر الصوره فی العمل المذکور بطریقه وصفیه تحلیلیه. وتظهر نتائج المقال أن الشاعر قد تمکن بنجاح من وصف جهاد الأبطال وشجاعتهم، باستخدام الصور المتنوعه، وباستخدام أنواع مختلفه من التشبیهات، بما فی ذلک التشبیه البلیغ، والتشبیه المرکب، والتمثیل، واستخدمها کأداه لنقل المعانی بشکل أفضل وتقریبها إلى ذهن المتلقی، وکذلک أنه من خلال مقارنه المفاهیم المجرده بالأشیاء الملموسه والمادیه، قد جعل فهمها سهلا على المخاطب. وتبین أیضا أن الشاعر عبر تجسید الأدوات الحربیه، مثل السیوف، والرماح، والحصون، أو المفاهیم المجرده والانتزاعیه، مثل الموت، والزمن، والخطیئه، والدین، وغیرها قد زاد من دینامیکیه صوره. وبالإضافه إلى التشبیهات والاستعارات، قد أدّى استخدام المجاز والتعابیر الکنائیه فی محلها إلى توسیع نطاق الصور، کما أدى استخدام أنواع مختلفه من المبالغات الفنیه والصور التلمیحیه والصور السمعیه، خاصه فی تصویر مشاهد المعارک وشجاعه الأبطال، إلى جعل هذا العمل الفنی أکثر جاذبیه.Analysis of Poetic Images in the Epic Imam Ali by George Shakur
The image is one of the main elements that make up poetry, as logicians have said in the definition of poetry: Poetry is an imaginary word. Poetic images depend on the existence of two image-creating components, i.e., emotion and imagination in imaginative words. The more the poet uses these two components, the more amazing the images created in his poems are and the more impact they have on the reader. This research investigates the poetic images in the epic Imam Ali written by George Shakur (born in 1935), a great Lebanese Christian poet, writer, and author.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the most important elements of the image in the mentioned work using a descriptive-analytical method. In the analysis of poetic images in the epic Imam Ali, first, different types of poetic images are extracted and categorized. Then, they are analyzed and their aesthetic and mediating functions are extracted. Finally, the frequency of each element is shown with a diagram. The two research questions of the study are:What are the most important elements of imagery in the epic Imam Ali?What effect do these elements have on the better and more effective conveyance of meaning to the mind of the audience?Image is one of the most important and widely used terms of literary criticism and one of the main topics of today's rhetoric. Every poet tries to present artistic, beautiful, and creative images in his poetry. "A poem without an image is not considered a poem" (Yousefi, 1982, p. 113). "In the word image, it means to put a shape and form for something or a pattern and drawing" (Dehkhoda, 1985, p. 5933). "Illustration in poetry is a kind of artistic creation through which the poet gives life to words and objects and gives them an emotional burden and creates a new world with the help of these images" (Zarinkoob, 1988, p. 190).Contemporary Arab critics and rhetoricians have also used the words ‘imagery’ as equivalent to image. Generally, the term imagery is used for all applications of figurative language. In this sense, image is "any virtual use of language, which includes all rhetorical devices such as simile, metaphor, allegory, symbol, virtual documents, recognition, sensation, myth, exaggeration, hint, paradox, etc.” (Fotuhi Roudmoajni, 2006, p. 45).Relevant studies indicate that the poet has been able to successfully describe the battle of the heroes in this magnificent work by artistically using all kinds of poetic images. The author used different types of similes, including eloquent similes and compound similes, similes, as tools to better convey the meanings and bring them closer to the mind of the audience. By comparing abstract and intellectual issues to tangible and material elements, he has made it easier for the audience to understand them. By giving life to inanimate tools, he has increased the dynamism of his images. In addition to similes and metaphors, the use of irony and ironic interpretations has widened the range of images. In addition, the use of various types of artistic exaggerations, suggestive images, and auditory images has made this work of art even more attractive.In the examination of the images of the epic Imam Ali, it was found that the poet was able to depict various scenes, especially epic scenes, by using poetic images. We witness the poet's use of different types of poetic images, i.e., simile, metaphor, irony, and exaggeration, in addition to synonyms, repetitions, puns, etc. Out of the total of 63 similes in this long poem, about 27 (43%) similes are eloquent and the rest 36 (57%) are non-eloquent. Among the total of 131 metaphors, there are 60 cases of ‘Makniyyah’ metaphor, 57 cases of recognition, and 14 cases of explicit metaphor. Shakur tried to depict the character and life of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) using imaginary images. Recognition and visualization, which are two powerful arms of metaphor in the formation of images, have a high frequency in this epic.Irony has also a high frequency in this work, in addition to the fact that Shakur tried to combine irony with similes and metaphors, which made the work a hundredfold more attractive.
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