تجلی عشق در دوبیتی های عامه هزاره های افغانستان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
عشق از مهم ترین درون مایه های دوبیتی های عامه هزاره های افغانستان است. آفرینندگان اصلی دوبیتی ها هنرمندان عامه هستند که از شهرت و مقامی بهره ندارند، ولی در میان گروه های مردم عادی زندگی می کنند. سینه های مردم و ذهن تاریخی نسل ها، وسیله نگهداری و انتقال دوبیتی ها بوده است. از این رو، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تجلی عشق در دوبیتی های عامه هزاره های افغانستان است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی، تعداد 1200 دوبیتی عامه هزارگی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت، یافته های اسنادی و میدانی نشان می دهد که درون مایه های اکثر دوبیتی های عامه هزاره های افغانستان عشق است، زیرا از 1200 دوبیتی، 1100 دوبیتی یعنی تقریباً 92 درصد را مسائل عشقی و عاطفی تشکیل می دهد. همچنین در تجلی عشق می توان جلوه های معیشتی، شرایط محیطی و نمادهای مذهبی را نیز دید. از جمله مفاهیم برجسته عاشقانه در این دوبیتی ها، وصف زیبایی های معشوق، آرزوی وصل و دیدار، وفاداری به معشوق، بی قراری و سوز عشق و عاشق در انتظار معشوق بیشترین بسامد را داراست. علاوه برآن ها نمادها و باورهای مذهبی، شکایت از اطرافیان، شرم از مردم، هجران و دوری از معشوق و وطن دوستی و غم غربت از جایگاهی ویژه در این دوبیتی ها برخوردارند. مفاهیم یادشده و نیز سوز و گداز، شور و اشتیاق، لحظه های غم و شادی و التهاب درونی از عوامل سرایش این دوبیتی هاست. در این دوبیتی ها، عشق ساده، دست یافتنی، زمینی و جسمانی بیشترین بازتاب را دارد تا عشق آسمانی و روحانی. همچنین دیده شد که شاعر عاشق پیشه هزارگی نمادهای مذهبی را برای توجیه عشق بازی های خود استفاده کرده است.Investigating the manifestation of love in folk couplets of the Afghan Hazaras
The purpose of this research is to investigate the manifestation of love in folk couplets of Afghan Hazaras. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, a total of 1200 couplets from the millennia were examined. Documentary and field findings show that the theme of most couplets of Afghanistan's Hazaras is love, because out of 1200 couplets, 1100 couplets, that is, approximately 92%, are related to love and emotional issues. Also, in the manifestation of love, you can see the effects of livelihood, environmental conditions and religious symbols. Among the prominent romantic concepts in these couplets, the description of the beauty of the beloved, the desire to connect and meet, the loyalty to the beloved, the restlessness and burning of love and the lover waiting for the beloved are repeated the most. The mentioned concepts as well as burning and melting, moments of sadness and happiness and internal inflammation are among the factors of composing this couplet. In these couplets, simple, attainable, earthly and physical love is reflected more than heavenly and spiritual love. It was also seen that the poet Hazaragi used religious symbols to justify his love.
Research literature
Folk literature includes all aspects of the material and spiritual life of all ethnic groups of a nation (Goya Etemadi, 1957, p. 1). It is a science for knowing people's customs and beliefs, which includes couplets, stories, legends, beliefs, proverbs, and Sistan (Saravi, 2014, p. 179). It is the greatest heritage and spiritual capital and support for the survival of any nation and an important pillar of that nation's culture (Zulfaqari, 2010, p. 1).
Research questions
The following research questions were raised:
1. What are the contents of the most couplets of the Hazaras of Afghanistan?
2. With what concepts is the theme of love manifested in folk couplets of Afghan Hazaras?
3- What factors have caused the composition of folk couplets of the millennium?
4. Why did the poet use religious symbols in these couplets?
5. What kind of love is most expressed in Hazara couplets?
Main discussion
The theme of most Afghan Hazara couplets is "love". The creators of these couplets are native and nameless poets who are fully aware of the culture of society, nature and their place of residence and express their sadness, joy and inner inflammation in a simple language. The description of the beloved, the longing for connection and meeting, and the restlessness and burning of love are prominent concepts. Love in folk couplets of Afghan Hazaras is simple, virtual and attainable.
bēya beldâra az qalam kašda / un tor bēya ra yed âdam nadida
qâš-e bârik kamân-e rostam-e zâl / dil-e âšuqa kada mayda mayda
(Khawari, 2003, p. 298)
Translation: The height of the lover is so balanced as if it was painted with a pen. No one had seen the tall and beautiful Rana. Her thin eyebrow is like Rostam's bow and with this beauty and charm, she has torn the lover's heart to pieces. In this couplet, the lover's height and body are compared to a painting and his eyebrow to Rostam's bow.
alef qadd-o ruxat lâlas rafiq jân / ba ruye nâzukat xalas rafiq jân
aga rōzi du se barat nabinōm / daqiqa ši saram sâlas rafiq jân
(Mousavi, 2000, p. 123)
Translation: Rafiq Jan (dearer than my soul), your height is expressive and your cheeks are like Lal (made of precious red stones), beautiful and attractive, and at the same time soft and thin with moles. I am so infatuated with you that if I don't see you two or three times a day, a minute seems like a year has passed. In this couplet, the species of the lover is compared to Lal, which is rare and rare. Because in official Persian literature, the lover's lips are usually compared to the mute.
Conclusion
The results obtained from the present research indicate that the theme of most folk couplets of Afghan Hazaras is love, and in the light of love, the effects of livelihood, climatic and geographical conditions, and religious symbols are also manifested. In these couplets, attainable, earthly, physical and virtual love is reflected more than heavenly and spiritual love, the love of an ordinary person for an earthly lover of his own kind and the love that any ordinary person can have. Also, the authors of these couplets are local and nameless poets who are fully aware of the culture of their society, nature and place of residence and express their moments of sadness and joy by using the local language and environmental phenomena. In these couplets, the description of the beauty of the beloved, the desire to connect and meet, loyalty to the beloved, and the restlessness and burning of love are prominent concepts of love. Also, this research shows that in the Hazara society, love outside of marriage is forbidden and disrespectful, therefore, the Hazara lover poet uses religious symbols as his basis in these couplets and thus justifies and legitimizes love.
References
Goya Etemadi, S. (1937). Folklore guide. Public Press.
Khawari, M. (2003). Folk couplets of the Hazaras. Irfan.
Mousavi, S. (2000). Hazaras of Afghanistan (translated into Farsi by A. Shafaye). Naqsh Simorgh.
Sarvi, V. (2024). Analysis of the concept of expectation in Mazandaran folk literature couplets. Folk Culture and Literature, 11(54), 173-208.
Zolfaghari, H. (2014). Iranian folk language and literature. Samt.
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